People / group
Manigramam
The Manigramam was a merchant guild of medieval South India, recorded in inscriptions from the eighth century onwards. It traded across the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea: a ninth-century Tamil inscription at Takua Pa in southern Thailand names it, and the Kollam copper plates of 849 entrusted it with protecting a Christian church in Kerala. It was one of several guilds that carried Tamil trade overseas.
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Cite this entry
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Manigramam. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/manigramam
- MLA
- “Manigramam.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/manigramam. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Manigramam.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/manigramam.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Manigramam’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/manigramam (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻