Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639)

The Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639 was the last major war between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Iran. It began when Shah Abbas I took Baghdad in 1624; the Ottomans failed for years to retake it, until Sultan Murad IV recaptured the city in 1638. The Treaty of Zuhab (1639) left Mesopotamia to the Ottomans and most of the southern Caucasus to Iran, roughly fixing the frontier later followed by Turkey and Iraq with Iran.