13 April in history
6 events that happened on 13 April, from 1111 to 1943.
1111 CE 915 years ago
Pope Paschal II crowns Henry V emperor under duress
Having held the Pope captive for two months, Henry V forced him to concede the right of investiture and crown him in Rome. The concession was soon revoked, and the dispute lasted until 1122.
✦ Anniversary of the day
1598 CE 428 years ago
Henry IV signs the Edict of Nantes
Henry IV granted French Protestants freedom of worship in specified places, civil rights and fortified towns. The edict ended the Wars of Religion until Louis XIV revoked it in 1685.
1742 CE 284 years ago
Handel's Messiah has its premiere in Dublin
Handel's oratorio was first performed at the New Music Hall in Fishamble Street, Dublin, in aid of charity. It became one of the most performed choral works in the Western tradition.
1829 CE 197 years ago
Catholic Relief Act receives royal assent
The Roman Catholic Relief Act allowed Catholics to sit in Parliament and hold most public offices. It was forced through by Wellington and Peel after Daniel O'Connell's election in County Clare.
1919 CE 107 years ago
Troops fire on a crowd at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar
Soldiers under Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer fired without warning into an unarmed crowd in an enclosed garden. At least 379 were killed by official count; the massacre hardened Indian opposition to British rule.
