Conflicts & Resolutions · War
Nine Years' War
The Nine Years' War was fought from 1688 to 1697 between Louis XIV of France and the Grand Alliance led by William III of England and the Dutch Republic, with the Holy Roman Emperor, Spain and Savoy. French armies devastated the Palatinate and the Rhineland, burning Heidelberg, Speyer, Worms and many smaller towns in 1689. The Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 ended the war with modest French gains.

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- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). Nine Years' War. In The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/nine-years-war
- MLA
- “Nine Years' War.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/nine-years-war. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “Nine Years' War.” The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/nine-years-war.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Nine Years' War’, The Epoch Institute Encyclopedia. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/encyclopedia/nine-years-war (Accessed: ).
Last reviewed October 2026Random entry ↻