Country history · South America

History of Peru

34 recorded states lay in what is now Peru, from Caral-Supe (3000 BCE) to the Republic of Peru. 9 of them have a full profile, and 1 outside power ruled here.

ProfileState (capital or seat)8 without a known seat not shownOpen in the atlas →

Profiles

Empires that ruled here

Timeline

31st century BCE

  1. Caral-Supe3000 BCE – 1800 BCE · other

10th century BCE

  1. Chavín950 BCE – 400 BCE · profile

9th century BCE

  1. Paracas800 BCE – 100 BCE · chiefdom

6th century BCE

  1. Pukará500 BCE – 200 CE · chiefdom

2nd century BCE

  1. Nazca100 BCE – 750 CE · chiefdom

1st century

  1. Recuay1 CE – 700 CE · chiefdom

2nd century

  1. Lima culture100 CE – 650 CE · chiefdom
  2. Moche100 CE – 800 CE · profile

6th century

  1. Tiwanaku500 CE – 1000 CE · profile

7th century

  1. Wari Empire600 CE – 1000 CE · profile

8th century

  1. Sicán750 CE – 1375 CE · theocracy

9th century

  1. Chachapoya800 CE – 1475 CE · tribal confederation

10th century

  1. Kingdom of Chimor900 CE – 1470 CE · profile

11th century

  1. Chancay1000 CE – 1470 CE · chiefdom
  2. Chincha Kingdom1000 CE – 1476 CE · kingdom
  3. Huanca1000 CE – 1460 CE · tribal confederation
  4. Omagua1000 CE – 1700 CE · chiefdom

12th century

  1. Chanka Confederation1100 CE – 1438 CE · tribal confederation
  2. Collique1100 CE – 1470 CE · chiefdom
  3. Guarco1100 CE – 1470 CE · chiefdom
  4. Ychsma1100 CE – 1470 CE · chiefdom
  5. Colla Kingdom1150 CE – 1450 CE · kingdom
  6. Lupaca Kingdom1150 CE – 1450 CE · kingdom

13th century

  1. Kingdom of Cusco1200 CE – 1438 CE · kingdom

15th century

  1. Inca Empire1438 CE – 1533 CE · profile

16th century

  1. Governorate of New Castile1529 CE – 1542 CE · colony
  2. Governorate of New Toledo1534 CE – 1542 CE · colony
  3. Neo-Inca State1537 CE – 1572 CE · profile
  4. Viceroyalty of Peru1542 CE – 1824 CE · profile

19th century

  1. Protectorate of Peru1821 CE – 1822 CE · republic
  2. Republic of Peru1821 CE – present · profile
  3. North Peruvian Republic1836 CE – 1839 CE · republic
  4. Peru-Bolivian Confederation1836 CE – 1839 CE · republic
  5. South Peruvian Republic1836 CE – 1839 CE · republic

In the encyclopedia

Shared histories

States that also lay in other present-day countries:

States of South America → All country histories →

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). History of Peru. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/peru
MLA
“History of Peru.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/peru. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “History of Peru.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/peru.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘History of Peru’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/peru (Accessed: ).