History by century · The years 1–99
The 1st century
In the years 1–99, 186 recorded states existed somewhere in the world. 33 were founded and 55 came to an end. The great powers of the age included the Roman Empire, the Han Dynasty and the Parthian Empire.
Great powers
Profiles of the 1st century, ranked by their military, territorial, economic and historical weight in the Institute’s analysis and by how strong they were in these hundred years.
Roman Empire27 BCE – 476 CEScore 9.2/10
Han Dynasty206 BCE – 220 CEScore 7.5/10
Parthian Empire247 BCE – 224 CEScore 5.0/10
Roman Egypt30 BCE – 641 CEScore 6.4/10
Africa Proconsularis146 BCE – 439 CEScore 5.6/10
Hispania Tarraconensis27 BCE – 472 CEScore 4.8/10
Sarmatians300 BCE – 375 CEScore 3.1/10
Teotihuacan100 BCE – 550 CEScore 5.3/10
Kushite Empire1070 BCE – 350 CEScore 4.4/10
Xianbei206 BCE – 235 CEScore 3.5/10
Garamantian Empire1000 BCE – 700 CEScore 3.2/10
Satavahana dynasty100 BCE – 220 CEScore 4.5/10
Key events
Battle of the Teutoburg ForestBattle · 9 CE
Fourth Anglo-Ashanti WarWar · 1895–96
Battle of Mons GraupiusBattle · 83 or 84
Great Illyrian RevoltRevolt · 6–9 CE
Battle of Baduhenna WoodBattle · 28 CE
Battle of Beth Horon (66)Battle · 66 CE
Battle of IdistavisoBattle · 16 CE
Battle of RhandeiaBattle · 62
Battle of the Angrivarian WallBattle · 16 CE
LülinRevolt · 17–25
Passion of JesusEvent · c. 30–33 CE
Red EyebrowsRevolt · 18–27
People
JesusPerson · c. 4 BCE – c. 30/33 CE
ClaudiusPerson · 10 BCE–54 CE
Pliny the ElderPerson · 23/24–79 CE
PlutarchPerson · c. 46–after 119- TiberiusPerson · 42 BCE – 37 CE
NeroPerson · 37–68 CE
JosephusPerson · 37–c. 100
Gnaeus Julius AgricolaPerson · 40–93
GalbaPerson · 3 BCE–69 CE
CaligulaPerson · 12–41 CE
DomitianPerson · 51–96 CE
Kujula KadphisesPerson · 1st century CE
Works and ideas
Periplus of the Erythraean SeaWork / monument · mid-1st century CE- New TestamentWork / monument · 1st century
- GospelsWork / monument · 1st century CE
Gospel of JohnWork / monument · c. 90–110 CE
Commentarii de Bello GallicoWork / monument · c. 50s BCE
Limes TripolitanusWork / monument · from 75 CE
Ermine StreetWork / monument · 1st century
Fosse WayWork / monument · 1st century
States founded 33
- Na (Japan) 0 CE – 200 CE
- Angrivarii 1 CE – 300 CE
- Recuay 1 CE – 700 CE
- Xin dynasty 9 CE – 23 CE
- Kingdom of Armenia (Arsacid) 12 CE – 428 CE
- Indo-Parthian Kingdom 19 CE – 226 CE
- Kingdom of Vannius 19 CE – 50 CE
- Iazyges 20 CE – 375 CE
- Chengjia 25 CE – 36 CE
- Kushan Empire 30 CE – 375 CE
- Kingdom of Manipur 33 CE – 1949 CE
- Western Satraps 35 CE – 415 CE
- Kingdom of Herod Agrippa 37 CE – 100 CE
- Herodian Kingdom of Chalcis 41 CE – 92 CE
- Gaya confederacy 42 CE – 562 CE
- Geumgwan Gaya 42 CE – 532 CE
- Mauretania Caesariensis 42 CE – 429 CE
- Mauretania Tingitana 42 CE – 429 CE
- Kingdom of the Regni 43 CE – 80 CE
- Roman Britain 43 CE – 410 CE
- Northern Xiongnu 48 CE – 155 CE
- Southern Xiongnu 48 CE – 216 CE
- Alans 50 CE – 800 CE
- Carvetii 50 CE – 410 CE
- Costoboci 50 CE – 200 CE
- Funan 50 CE – 627 CE
- Provisional Government of Judea 66 CE – 70 CE
- Caledonii 80 CE – 300 CE
- Damnonii 80 CE – 450 CE
- Novantae 80 CE – 400 CE
- Selgovae 80 CE – 400 CE
- Votadini 80 CE – 450 CE
- Tikal 90 CE – 900 CE
States that came to an end 55
- Herodian Ethnarchy of Judea 4 BCE – 6 CE
- Breuci 200 BCE – 9 CE
- Delmatae 180 BCE – 9 CE
- Indo-Greek Kingdom 180 BCE – 10 CE
- Kingdom of Armenia (Artaxiad) 189 BCE – 12 CE
- Scordisci 279 BCE – 15 CE
- Kingdom of Cappadocia 331 BCE – 17 CE
- Tarcondimotid Cilicia 64 BCE – 17 CE
- Kingdom of Maroboduus 9 BCE – 19 CE
- Eastern Buyeo 86 BCE – 22 CE
- Xin dynasty 9 CE – 23 CE
- Cyzicus 675 BCE – 25 CE
- Indo-Scythians 110 BCE – 30 CE
- Northern Satraps 20 BCE – 30 CE
- Yuezhi 300 BCE – 30 CE
- Tetrarchy of Philip 4 BCE – 34 CE
- Chengjia 25 CE – 36 CE
- Tetrarchy of Galilee and Peraea 4 BCE – 39 CE
- Kingdom of Mauretania 225 BCE – 40 CE
- Byeonhan 100 BCE – 42 CE
- Atrebates (Britain) 50 BCE – 43 CE
- Belgae (Britain) 50 BCE – 43 CE
- Cantiaci 55 BCE – 43 CE
- Catuvellauni 54 BCE – 43 CE
- Dobunni 50 BCE – 43 CE
- Lycian League 168 BCE – 43 CE
- Trinovantes 54 BCE – 43 CE
- Durotriges 100 BCE – 44 CE
- Rhodes 408 BCE – 44 CE
- Odrysian Kingdom 480 BCE – 46 CE
- Perinthus 602 BCE – 46 CE
- Corieltauvi 50 BCE – 47 CE
- Deceangli 50 BCE – 48 CE
- Kingdom of Vannius 19 CE – 50 CE
- Dumnonii 100 BCE – 55 CE
- Okjeo 200 BCE – 56 CE
- Apracharajas 60 BCE – 60 CE
- Cornovii 50 BCE – 60 CE
- Iceni 50 BCE – 61 CE
- Polemonid Pontus 37 BCE – 62 CE
Show all 55
- Kingdom of Cottius 58 BCE – 63 CE
- Provisional Government of Judea 66 CE – 70 CE
- Brigantes 50 BCE – 71 CE
- Parisii (Britain) 100 BCE – 71 CE
- Emesene dynasty 64 BCE – 72 CE
- Kingdom of Commagene 163 BCE – 72 CE
- Lesser Armenia 331 BCE – 72 CE
- Olba 300 BCE – 72 CE
- Byzantium 667 BCE – 73 CE
- Demetae 50 BCE – 75 CE
- Ordovices 50 BCE – 78 CE
- Silures 50 BCE – 78 CE
- Kingdom of the Regni 43 CE – 80 CE
- Nasamones 500 BCE – 86 CE
- Herodian Kingdom of Chalcis 41 CE – 92 CE
On this day
- 3 August 8Tiberius defeats the Pannonian rebels at the River Bathinus
- 9 September 9Germanic tribes destroy three Roman legions in the Teutoburg Forest
- 19 August 14Emperor Augustus dies at Nola
- 6 October 23Rebels kill Wang Mang as Chang'an falls
- 1 August 30 BCEOctavian takes Alexandria and Mark Antony takes his own life
- 2 September 31 BCEOctavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at Actium
- 15 December 37The future emperor Nero is born at Antium
- 24 January 41Emperor Caligula assassinated by his guards
- 7 December 43 BCECicero is killed on Mark Antony's orders
- 26 September 46 BCEJulius Caesar dedicates the Temple of Venus Genetrix
Year by year 2
The years of the 1st century with a page of their own: their events, births and deaths, and the states founded and ended.
Cite this page
- APA
- The Epoch Institute. (2026). The 1st century. In The Epoch Institute. https://the-epoch-institute.org/centuries/1st-century
- MLA
- “The 1st century.” The Epoch Institute, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/centuries/1st-century. Accessed .
- Chicago
- The Epoch Institute. “The 1st century.” The Epoch Institute. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/centuries/1st-century.
- Harvard
- The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘The 1st century’, The Epoch Institute. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/centuries/1st-century (Accessed: ).