kingdom · Poland, Lithuania and Russia

Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)

1025 CE – 1385 CE · capital Krakow

The Piast kingdom of Poland, which fragmented into rival duchies, was reunited in 1320 and flourished under Casimir the Great.

Origins

Boleslaw I the Brave was crowned king in 1025, turning the Duchy of Poland into a kingdom. His son Mieszko II faced invasion and revolt, and in the 1030s a pagan uprising and a Bohemian raid devastated Greater Poland. Casimir I the Restorer rebuilt the state and made Krakow its main seat.

Rule and society

Under the testament of Boleslaw III in 1138 the realm was divided among his sons, with the senior duke ruling Krakow. For almost two centuries Poland was a patchwork of duchies, settled by German colonists and towns under German law and hit by the Mongols in 1241. The church, with the archbishopric of Gniezno, held it together.

Decline and legacy

Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high reunited much of the country and was crowned in 1320. His son Casimir III the Great codified law, founded the University of Krakow in 1364 and added Red Ruthenia. After Louis of Hungary, his daughter Jadwiga married Jogaila of Lithuania under the Union of Krewo of 1385, beginning the Kingdom of Poland (1385-1569).

Lineage

Duchy of Poland 960 CE – 1025 CE Duchy of Sandomierz 1138 CE – 1320 CE Duchy of Greater Poland 1138 CE – 1320 CE Duchy of Krakow 1138 CE – 1320 CE Duchy of Pomerelia 1155 CE – 1294 CE Duchy of Leczyca 1229 CE – 1352 CEKingdom of Poland (1025-1385)Kingdom of Poland (1385-1569) 1385 CE – 1569 CE

Connections (7)

Duchy of Pomerania was a vassal of Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)1121 CE – 1138 CE
Duchy of Silesia split from Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)1138 CE
Duchy of Masovia split from Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)1138 CE
Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385) in personal union with Kingdom of Bohemia1300 CE – 1306 CE
Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia was conquered by Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)1349 CE
Kingdom of Hungary (1301-1526) in personal union with Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)1370 CE – 1382 CE
Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385) in personal union with Kingdom of Hungary (1301-1526)1370 CE – 1382 CE

More states of Poland, Lithuania and Russia →

Cite this page

APA: The Epoch Institute. (2026). Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385). In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-poland-1025-1385
MLA: “Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385).” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-poland-1025-1385. Accessed .
Chicago: The Epoch Institute. “Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385).” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-poland-1025-1385.
Harvard: The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385)’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/state/kingdom-of-poland-1025-1385 (Accessed: ).

Last reviewed October 2026Random state ↻