Year by year · 19th century

1800

1800 in world history: 13 events, 10 births, 9 deaths, 3 states founded and 2 that came to an end. 1,246 recorded states existed that year.

Events

  1. 21 March

    Pius VII crowned pope in Venice

    With Rome occupied by the French, the cardinals met in Venice, where Barnaba Chiaramonti was crowned Pope Pius VII. He later signed a concordat with Napoleon and was held captive by him.

    Napoleon

  2. 24 April

    Congress establishes the Library of Congress

    President John Adams signed the act moving the government to Washington and setting aside $5,000 for books for Congress. The collection became one of the largest libraries in the world.

  3. 14 June

    Napoleon wins at Marengo

    Near defeat by the Austrians, Napoleon was saved by Desaix's arriving division, and the battle turned. The victory secured northern Italy and his position as First Consul.

    NapoleonConsul

  4. 1 November

    John Adams becomes the first president to live in the White House

    John Adams moved into the unfinished President's House in Washington. The next day he wrote to his wife Abigail: 'May none but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof.'

  5. 3 December

    Moreau defeats the Austrians at Hohenlinden

    French forces under General Jean Moreau crushed an Austrian army in snowy forest east of Munich. The defeat forced Austria to make peace at Lunéville in February 1801.

    Austria

  6. 24 December

    Napoleon survives a bomb in the rue Saint-Nicaise

    Royalist plotters exploded a barrel bomb in a Paris street as the First Consul's carriage passed, killing several bystanders but missing Napoleon. He used the attack to deport Jacobin opponents.

    NapoleonConsulParis

  7. Battle

    Battle of Marengo

    The Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 near Alessandria in Piedmont between the French army of the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and an Austrian army under General Michael von Melas.

  8. Treaty

    Third Treaty of San Ildefonso

    The Third Treaty of San Ildefonso was a secret agreement signed on 1 October 1800 by which Spain returned Louisiana to France.

  9. Battle

    Battle of Hohenlinden

    The Battle of Hohenlinden was fought on 3 December 1800 in Bavaria, east of Munich, between a French army under Jean Moreau and an Austrian and Bavarian army under Archduke John.

  10. Event

    Acts of Union 1800

    The Acts of Union 1800 were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland that united the two kingdoms as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 January 1801.

ProfileState1062 states with a known seat in 1800Open the atlas at 1800 →

In the profiles

Wars and longer events

Born in 1800 10

Died in 1800 9

States founded 3

States that came to an end 2

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Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). 1800. In The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1800
MLA
“1800.” The Epoch Institute, Year by Year, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1800. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “1800.” The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1800.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘1800’, The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1800 (Accessed: ).