Year by year · 11th century

1099

1099 in world history: 10 events, 3 deaths and 2 states founded. 478 recorded states existed that year.

Events

  1. 7 June

    First Crusade begins the siege of Jerusalem

    The crusader armies reached Jerusalem and invested the city. They stormed it on 15 July and massacred many of its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.

    First Crusade

  2. 8 July

    Crusaders process barefoot around the walls of Jerusalem

    Weakened by thirst and heat, the crusaders fasted and walked barefoot around besieged Jerusalem, ending on the Mount of Olives. A week later their final assault took the city.

  3. 15 July

    Crusaders capture Jerusalem

    Crusaders broke into Jerusalem and slaughtered many of its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. The capture fulfilled the First Crusade's goal and led to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

    Kingdom of JerusalemFirst Crusade

  4. 22 July

    Godfrey of Bouillon is elected to rule Jerusalem

    At a council in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, after Raymond of Toulouse had refused the crown, Godfrey of Bouillon was elected to rule Jerusalem. He took the title Advocate, or Defender, of the Holy Sepulchre rather than king.

    Godfrey of BouillonFirst CrusadeKingdom of Jerusalem

  5. 12 August

    Crusaders defeat a Fatimid army at Ascalon

    A month after taking Jerusalem, the crusaders surprised and routed an Egyptian relief army near Ascalon. The victory, the last battle of the First Crusade, secured the new Latin kingdom.

    First Crusade

  6. 12 August · Battle

    Battle of Ascalon

    The Battle of Ascalon was fought on 12 August 1099 near Ascalon on the coast of southern Palestine, soon after the capture of Jerusalem in the First Crusade.

  7. 13 August

    Paschal II is elected pope in succession to Urban II

    Raniero Raineri di Bleda, a monk of Cluny, was elected pope as Paschal II after the death of Pope Urban II the previous month. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope.

    Pope Urban II
ProfileState401 states with a known seat in 1099Open the atlas at 1099 →

In the profiles

Died in 1099 3

States founded 2

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APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). 1099. In The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1099
MLA
“1099.” The Epoch Institute, Year by Year, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1099. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “1099.” The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1099.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘1099’, The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1099 (Accessed: ).