1877

Events

1. 

   1 January

   Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India at the Delhi Durbar

   At a vast imperial assembly in Delhi, Viceroy Lord Lytton proclaimed Victoria Empress of India. The new title, devised by Disraeli, marked the British Raj's claim to succeed the Mughal emperors.

   British RajBritish Raj

2. 2 March

   Rutherford B. Hayes declared winner of the disputed 1876 election

   Congress confirmed the Electoral Commission's award of all disputed votes to Hayes, giving him victory by one electoral vote. Under the Compromise of 1877, federal troops left the South.

3. 

   4 March

   Tchaikovsky's 'Swan Lake' premieres at the Bolshoi

   The first production in Moscow was poorly received. Revived in St Petersburg in 1895 with choreography by Petipa and Ivanov, it became the most famous of all ballets.

   Moscow

4. 24 April

   Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire

   Russia went to war in support of the Balkan Christians. The peace that followed made Romania, Serbia and Montenegro fully independent and created an autonomous Bulgaria.

   Ottoman EmpireBulgariaRomaniaSerbia

5. 9 July

   The first Wimbledon Championships begin

   The All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club opened its first lawn tennis championship, with 22 men competing. Spencer Gore won the title ten days later, launching the world's oldest tennis tournament.

   England

6. 5 September

   Crazy Horse is killed at Camp Robinson

   The Oglala Lakota leader Crazy Horse, a victor at Little Bighorn, was bayoneted by a soldier while resisting arrest at Camp Robinson, Nebraska. He died that night.

7. 21 November

   Edison announces his phonograph

   Thomas Edison announced his invention of the phonograph, a machine that recorded sound on tinfoil and played it back. It was the first device able to reproduce the human voice.

8. 6 December

   Edison records and plays back 'Mary Had a Little Lamb'

   Thomas Edison spoke the nursery rhyme into his tinfoil phonograph and heard his voice played back. It was the first time a machine had reproduced recorded human speech.

9. Revolt

   Satsuma Rebellion

   The Satsuma Rebellion was a rising of former samurai of Kagoshima against the Meiji government in 1877, led by Saigo Takamori.

10. War

    Nez Perce War

    The Nez Perce War of 1877 was fought between the United States Army and bands of the Nez Perce who refused to move onto a reduced reservation in Idaho.

In the profiles

• British RajQueen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India at the Delhi Durbar
• Kingdom of BugandaThe first Protestant missionaries arrive in Buganda
• South African RepublicBritain annexes the bankrupt republic
• Rapa NuiThe island’s population falls to 111

Wars and longer events

• Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)Began · 1877–1878
• Great Sioux War of 1876Ended · 1876–1877
• Reconstruction eraEnded · 1865–1877

Born in 1877 20

• Kārlis Ulmanis1877–1942
• Felix Dzerzhinsky1877–1926
• Hermann Hesse1877–1962
• Hjalmar Schacht1877–1970
• Joost van Vollenhoven1877–1918
• Morgan Shuster1877–1960
• Pavel Bermondt-Avalov1877–1974
• Plutarco Elías Calles1877–1945
• Samuel Zemurray1877–1961
• Vladimir Minorsky1877–1966
• Alessandro Pirzio Biroli1877–1962
• Antonín Janoušek1877–1941
• Ibrahim Heski1877–1931
• James Dole1877–1958
• Mihail Gerdzhikov1877–1947
• Nikola Karev1877–1905
• Shefqet Vërlaci1877–1946
• Wilhelm Frick1877–1946
• Carlos Ibáñez del Campo1877–1960
• Enrico De Nicola1877–1959

Died in 1877 19

• Jang Bahadur Rana1817–1877
• Juan Manuel de Rosas1793–1877
• Pōmare IV1813–1877
• Cornelius Vanderbilt1794–1877
• José de Alencar1829–1877
• Saigo Takamori1828–1877
• Adolphe Thiers1797–1877
• James Douglas (governor)1803–1877
• Yaqub Beg1820–1877
• Akhund of Swat1794–1877
• Brigham Young1801–1877
• George Abernethy1807–1877
• Kido Takayoshi1833–1877
• Kobayashi Torasaburo1828–1877
• Pierre Bataillon1810–1877
• Henry Meiggs1811–1877
• Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse1806–1877
• Crazy Horsec. 1840–1877
• Ikeda Yoshinori1837–1877

States that came to an end 1

• Yettishar 1865 CE – 1877 CE

Great speeches