9 January in history

12 events that happened on 9 January, from 1127 to 1957.

  1. ✦ Anniversary of the day

    1127 CE 899 years ago

    Jin armies sack Kaifeng, capital of the Northern Song

    In the Jingkang incident, Jurchen troops of the Jin dynasty sacked Kaifeng and carried off the Song emperors Qinzong and Huizong. The Song court fled south, where it ruled as the Southern Song.

    Song DynastyJingkang incidentKaifeng

  2. 1431 CE 595 years ago

    Trial of Joan of Arc opens in Rouen

    A church court led by Bishop Pierre Cauchon, an ally of the English, began proceedings against Joan of Arc on charges of heresy. She was condemned and burned at the stake on 30 May.

    Bishop

  3. 1693 CE 333 years ago

    First shock of the great Sicilian earthquake strikes

    A strong foreshock damaged towns across south-eastern Sicily. Two days later the main earthquake devastated the region, killing some 60,000 people and leading to the Baroque rebuilding of Noto and Catania.

    Sicily

  4. 1788 CE 238 years ago

    Connecticut ratifies the US Constitution

    Connecticut's convention approved the Constitution by 128 votes to 40, making it the fifth state to ratify. Nine states were needed for the new frame of government to take effect.

  5. 1792 CE 234 years ago

    Treaty of Jassy ends the Russo-Turkish War

    The Ottoman Empire recognised Russia's annexation of Crimea and ceded the coast between the Bug and Dniester rivers. The treaty confirmed Russia as the dominant power on the northern Black Sea.

    Ottoman EmpireBlack SeaCrimea

  6. 1793 CE 233 years ago

    Blanchard makes the first balloon flight in North America

    Watched by President George Washington, the French aeronaut Jean-Pierre Blanchard ascended from a prison yard in Philadelphia. He landed some 46 minutes later in Deptford, New Jersey.

    North America

  7. 1799 CE 227 years ago

    Pitt's income tax becomes law in Britain

    William Pitt the Younger's income tax, set at two shillings in the pound on higher incomes, received royal assent to fund the war against Revolutionary France. Abolished in 1816, it returned for good in 1842.

  8. 1806 CE 220 years ago

    Admiral Nelson is buried in St Paul's Cathedral

    After a vast procession through London, Horatio Nelson was laid to rest in the crypt of St Paul's. He had been killed at his victory at Trafalgar the previous October.

    London

  9. 1861 CE 165 years ago

    Cadets fire on the Star of the West in Charleston Harbor

    Southern guns fired on the merchant ship Star of the West as it tried to resupply Fort Sumter, forcing it to turn back. The shots are sometimes called the first of the American Civil War.

  10. 1916 CE 110 years ago

    Last Allied troops evacuate Gallipoli

    British troops left Cape Helles, ending the Gallipoli campaign in an Ottoman victory. The evacuation was the most successful part of an eight-month operation that cost well over 100,000 lives on both sides.

  11. 1923 CE 103 years ago

    Juan de la Cierva's autogiro makes its first successful flight

    At Getafe near Madrid, the Spanish engineer's C.4 autogiro flew using a freely turning rotor for lift. The design pioneered rotor technology later used in helicopters.

    Madrid

  12. 1957 CE 69 years ago

    Anthony Eden resigns as British Prime Minister

    Citing ill health, Eden stepped down two months after the Suez Crisis, in which Britain and France had been forced by American pressure to withdraw from Egypt. Harold Macmillan succeeded him.

    United KingdomHarold MacmillanAnthony EdenSuez Crisis

Born on 9 January 5

Died on 9 January 10

Dates as the sources give them: in the Julian calendar before 1582, and in some countries for longer (Britain until 1752, Russia until 1918). Only people whose day of birth or death the records agree on are listed.

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