Year by year · 19th century

1814

1814 in world history: 27 events, 12 births, 10 deaths, 7 states founded and 13 that came to an end. 1,118 recorded states existed that year.

Events

  1. 30 March

    Allied armies win the Battle of Paris

    Russian, Prussian and Austrian forces stormed the heights around Paris, and the city capitulated that night. Coalition troops entered the next day, and Napoleon abdicated within a week.

    NapoleonParis

  2. 11 April

    Treaty of Fontainebleau sends Napoleon to Elba

    The allied powers signed the treaty confirming Napoleon's abdication and granting him the island of Elba as a sovereign principality. He escaped less than a year later for the Hundred Days.

    Napoleon

  3. 3 May

    Napoleon arrives off Elba to begin his exile

    HMS Undaunted brought the deposed emperor to Portoferraio, where he landed the next morning to rule his tiny island principality. He escaped in February 1815.

    Napoleon

  4. 13 August

    The Netherlands cedes the Cape Colony to Britain

    Under the Anglo-Dutch Convention of London, the Dutch formally ceded the Cape of Good Hope, which Britain had occupied since 1806. British rule shaped southern Africa for the following century.

    Dutch EmpireCape of Good HopeCape ColonyLondon

  5. 24 August

    British troops burn Washington

    After routing American militia at Bladensburg, British forces entered Washington and set fire to the Capitol and the President's House. It was partly revenge for the American burning of York.

  6. 13 September

    The British bombard Fort McHenry in Baltimore

    British warships shelled Fort McHenry for some 25 hours. Seeing the flag still flying at dawn, Francis Scott Key wrote the poem that became 'The Star-Spangled Banner'.

  7. 1 October

    The Congress of Vienna is due to open formally

    Europe's statesmen had gathered in Vienna to redraw the continent after Napoleon's fall, and 1 October was fixed for the Congress's formal opening. Its settlement shaped a balance of power that endured for decades.

    Russian EmpireCongress of ViennaNapoleon

  8. 24 December

    The Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812

    British and American negotiators signed a peace treaty at Ghent, restoring pre-war borders. News travelled slowly, and the Battle of New Orleans was fought two weeks later.

  9. Treaty · Peace

    Treaty of Kiel

    The Treaty of Kiel was signed on 14 January 1814 by Frederick VI of Denmark-Norway, defeated as an ally of Napoleon, with Sweden and Britain.

  10. Battle

    Battle of Rancagua

    The Battle of Rancagua was fought on 1–2 October 1814 in the town of Rancagua, south of Santiago, between royalist troops sent from Peru under Mariano Osorio and Chilean patriots under Bernardo O'Higgins.

  11. Treaty · Peace

    Treaty of Paris (1814)

    The Treaty of Paris of 1814 made peace between France and the allied powers after Napoleon's first abdication.

  12. Treaty · Peace

    Convention of Moss

    The Convention of Moss was the ceasefire agreement signed on 14 August 1814 at Moss, south of Christiania, that ended the brief Swedish–Norwegian War.

  13. Battle · Siege

    Battle of Nalapani

    The Battle of Nalapani was the first major engagement of the Anglo-Nepalese War, fought in October and November 1814 at the hill fort of Khalanga (Kalunga) near Dehradun.

  14. War

    Swedish–Norwegian War

    The Swedish–Norwegian War was a short war in July and August 1814 between Sweden and Norway, which had declared independence after the Treaty of Kiel transferred it from Denmark to Sweden.

  15. Treaty

    Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814

    The Convention of London, also called the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814, was signed on 13 August 1814 by Britain and the Netherlands.

  16. Battle

    Battle of Urica

    The Battle of Urica was fought on 5 December 1814 in eastern Venezuela between royalist forces under José Tomás Boves and the last patriot army, led by José Félix Ribas.

  17. Battle

    Second Battle of La Puerta

    The Second Battle of La Puerta was fought on 15 June 1814 near San Juan de los Morros, Venezuela, between the patriot armies of Simón Bolívar and Santiago Mariño and the royalist llanero cavalry of José Tomás Boves.

  18. Treaty · Peace

    Treaty of Lircay

    The Treaty of Lircay was signed on 3 May 1814 on the banks of the Lircay river near Talca between the Chilean patriot government and the royalist commander Gabino Gaínza, with the British naval officer James Hillyar as mediator.

ProfileState939 states with a known seat in 1814Open the atlas at 1814 →

In the profiles

Wars and longer events

Born in 1814 12

Died in 1814 10

States founded 7

States that came to an end 13

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APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). 1814. In The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1814
MLA
“1814.” The Epoch Institute, Year by Year, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1814. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “1814.” The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1814.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘1814’, The Epoch Institute, Year by Year. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/years/1814 (Accessed: ).