Country history · Europe

History of Belgium

46 recorded states lay in what is now Belgium, from Caeroesi (300 BCE) to the Kingdom of Belgium. 9 of them have a full profile, and 9 outside powers ruled here.

ProfileState (capital or seat)9 without a known seat not shownOpen in the atlas →

Profiles

Empires that ruled here

Timeline

4th century BCE

  1. Caeroesi300 BCE – 57 BCE · chiefdom
  2. Condrusi300 BCE – 57 BCE · chiefdom
  3. Eburones300 BCE – 53 BCE · chiefdom
  4. Menapii300 BCE – 53 BCE · chiefdom
  5. Morini300 BCE – 55 BCE · chiefdom
  6. Nervii300 BCE – 57 BCE · chiefdom
  7. Paemani300 BCE – 57 BCE · chiefdom

2nd century BCE

  1. Aduatuci110 BCE – 57 BCE · chiefdom

1st century BCE

  1. Texuandri50 BCE – 350 CE · chiefdom
  2. Tungri50 BCE – 400 CE · chiefdom

3rd century

  1. Franks250 CE – 481 CE · profile

4th century

  1. Salian Franks358 CE – 481 CE · tribal confederation

5th century

  1. Kingdom of the Franks481 CE – 843 CE · profile

6th century

  1. Austrasia511 CE – 751 CE · kingdom

7th century

  1. Principality of Stavelot-Malmedy651 CE – 1795 CE · theocracy

9th century

  1. Middle Francia843 CE – 855 CE · kingdom
  2. Kingdom of Lotharingia855 CE – 900 CE · kingdom
  3. County of Flanders862 CE – 1795 CE · profile
  4. County of Hainaut898 CE – 1795 CE · profile

10th century

  1. Duchy of Lotharingia903 CE – 959 CE · duchy
  2. County of Chiny940 CE – 1364 CE · county
  3. Duchy of Lower Lorraine959 CE – 1190 CE · duchy
  4. Kingdom of Germany962 CE – 1806 CE · kingdom
  5. County of Luxembourg963 CE – 1795 CE · duchy
  6. Prince-Bishopric of Liège980 CE – 1795 CE · profile
  7. County of Namur981 CE – 1795 CE · county

11th century

  1. County of Louvain1003 CE – 1183 CE · county
  2. County of Loon1015 CE – 1366 CE · county
  3. Duchy of Limburg1065 CE – 1795 CE · duchy

12th century

  1. Duchy of Brabant1183 CE – 1795 CE · profile

14th century

  1. Lordship of Mechelen1333 CE – 1795 CE · other
  2. Burgundian State1363 CE – 1482 CE · duchy

15th century

  1. County of Horne1450 CE – 1614 CE · county
  2. Duchy of Bouillon1456 CE – 1795 CE · duchy
  3. Habsburg Netherlands1482 CE – 1556 CE · other

16th century

  1. Habsburg Monarchy1526 CE – 1804 CE · profile
  2. Spanish Netherlands1556 CE – 1714 CE · other

17th century

  1. Duchy of Arenberg1644 CE – 1810 CE · duchy

18th century

  1. Kingdom of Prussia1701 CE – 1918 CE · profile
  2. Austrian Netherlands1714 CE – 1797 CE · other
  3. Republic of Liège1789 CE – 1791 CE · republic
  4. United Belgian States1790 CE – 1790 CE · republic
  5. French First Republic1792 CE – 1804 CE · republic

19th century

  1. United Kingdom of the Netherlands1815 CE – 1839 CE · kingdom
  2. Neutral Moresnet1816 CE – 1920 CE · other
  3. Kingdom of Belgium1830 CE – present · profile

In the encyclopedia

Shared histories

States that also lay in other present-day countries:

States of France and the Low Countries → States of Germany and Central Europe → All country histories →

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). History of Belgium. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/belgium
MLA
“History of Belgium.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/belgium. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “History of Belgium.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/belgium.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘History of Belgium’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/belgium (Accessed: ).