States of Central and Southern Africa
184 kingdoms, principalities, republics, chiefdoms and other states, in order of their founding.
11th century
13th century
14th century
15th century
- Kingdom of Tio1400 CE – 1880 CEkingdom · today Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Kingdom of Butua1450 CE – 1683 CEkingdom · today Zimbabwe, Botswana
- Kingdom of Maravi1480 CE – 1720 CEkingdom · today Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia
- Sultanate of Angoche1485 CE – 1910 CEsultanate · today Mozambique
- Kingdom of Manyika1490 CE – 1891 CEkingdom · today Zimbabwe, Mozambique
- Kingdom of Uteve1490 CE – 1890 CEkingdom · today Mozambique
16th century
- Antanosy Kingdom1500 CE – 1825 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
- Antemoro Kingdom1500 CE – 1890 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
- Bahurutshe Chiefdom1500 CE – 1852 CEchiefdom · today South Africa, Botswana
- Kingdom of Barwe1500 CE – 1902 CEkingdom · today Mozambique
- Kingdom of Madanda1500 CE – 1890 CEkingdom · today Mozambique
- Kingdom of Ndongo1500 CE – 1671 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Sultanate of Anjouan1500 CE – 1912 CEsultanate · today Comoros
- Sultanate of Itsandra1500 CE – 1886 CEsultanate · today Comoros
- Sultanate of Mayotte1500 CE – 1841 CEsultanate · today France
- Thembu Kingdom1500 CE – 1885 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Portuguese Mozambique1505 CE – 1975 CEcolony · today Mozambique
- Merina Kingdom1540 CE – 1897 CEprofile · today Madagascar
- Kingdom of Kakongo1550 CE – 1885 CEkingdom · today Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Kingdom of Loango1550 CE – 1883 CEkingdom · today Republic of the Congo, Angola, Gabon
- Kingdom of Matamba1550 CE – 1909 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Kingdom of Ngoyo1550 CE – 1885 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Tembe Kingdom1550 CE – 1895 CEkingdom · today Mozambique, South Africa
- Portuguese Angola1575 CE – 1975 CEcolony · today Angola
- Kingdom of Lundu1590 CE – 1800 CEkingdom · today Malawi, Mozambique
17th century
- Barotseland1600 CE – 1964 CEprofile · today Zambia
- Chokwe chiefdoms1600 CE – 1920 CEchiefdom · today Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia
- Lobedu Kingdom1600 CE – 1894 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Mpondo Kingdom1600 CE – 1894 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Mpondomise Kingdom1600 CE – 1880 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Ngonde Kingdom1600 CE – 1891 CEkingdom · today Malawi
- Sultanate of Bambao1600 CE – 1886 CEsultanate · today Comoros
- Xhosa Kingdom1600 CE – 1775 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Kingdom of Kasanje1620 CE – 1912 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Kuba Kingdom1625 CE – 1900 CEkingdom · today Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Dutch Mauritius1638 CE – 1710 CEcolony · today Mauritius
- Dutch Angola1641 CE – 1648 CEcolony · today Angola
- Principality of Soyo1641 CE – 1885 CEprincipality · today Angola
- Fort-Dauphin Colony1643 CE – 1674 CEcolony · today Madagascar
- Bara Kingdom1650 CE – 1900 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
- Kanyok Kingdom1650 CE – 1893 CEkingdom · today Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Kingdom of Ondonga1650 CE – 1915 CEkingdom · today Namibia
- Kingdom of Undi1650 CE – 1880 CEkingdom · today Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
- Luvale Kingdom1650 CE – 1905 CEkingdom · today Angola, Zambia
- Mahafaly Kingdoms1650 CE – 1900 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
- Menabe1650 CE – 1897 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
- Ndzundza Ndebele Kingdom1650 CE – 1883 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Pedi Kingdom1650 CE – 1879 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Dutch Cape Colony1652 CE – 1806 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Ile Bourbon1665 CE – 1946 CEcolony · today France
- Kingdom of Kongo dia Ntotila (Kibangu)1666 CE – 1709 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Boina1690 CE – 1840 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
18th century
- Bailundo Kingdom1700 CE – 1903 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Bakwena Chiefdom1700 CE – 1885 CEchiefdom · today Botswana
- Barolong Chiefdom1700 CE – 1885 CEchiefdom · today South Africa, Botswana
- Bemba Kingdom1700 CE – 1899 CEkingdom · today Zambia
- Hlubi Chiefdom1700 CE – 1873 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Humbe Kingdom1700 CE – 1898 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Kwanyama Kingdom1700 CE – 1917 CEkingdom · today Angola, Namibia
- Orungu Kingdom1700 CE – 1927 CEkingdom · today Gabon
- Qwabe Chiefdom1700 CE – 1818 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Sheikhdom of Sancul1700 CE – 1910 CEemirate · today Mozambique
- Sultanate of Quitangonha1700 CE – 1896 CEsultanate · today Mozambique
- Venda Kingdom1700 CE – 1898 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Wambu Kingdom1700 CE – 1902 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Yaka Kingdom1700 CE – 1906 CEkingdom · today Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola
- Betsimisaraka Confederation1712 CE – 1817 CEtribal confederation · today Madagascar
- Isle de France1715 CE – 1810 CEcolony · today Mauritius, Seychelles
- Kingdom of Kanongesha1720 CE – 1906 CEkingdom · today Zambia, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Dutch Delagoa Bay1721 CE – 1730 CEcolony · today Mozambique
- Kingdom of Kazembe1740 CE – 1899 CEkingdom · today Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Swazi Kingdom1745 CE – presentprofile · today Eswatini
- Bangwaketse Chiefdom1750 CE – 1885 CEchiefdom · today Botswana
- Batlhaping Chiefdom1750 CE – 1885 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Ile Sainte-Marie1750 CE – 1896 CEcolony · today Madagascar
- Kingdom of Isandra1750 CE – 1811 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
- Kingdom of Lalangina1750 CE – 1811 CEkingdom · today Madagascar
- Viye Kingdom1750 CE – 1890 CEkingdom · today Angola
- Zande Kingdoms1750 CE – 1905 CEtribal confederation · today Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Central African Republic
- Gcaleka Xhosa Kingdom1775 CE – 1885 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Rharhabe Xhosa Kingdom1775 CE – 1847 CEkingdom · today South Africa
- Austrian Delagoa Bay1777 CE – 1781 CEcolony · today Mozambique
- Bangwato Kingdom1780 CE – 1885 CEchiefdom · today Botswana
- Chikulamayembe State1780 CE – 1855 CEkingdom · today Malawi
- Mthethwa Paramountcy1780 CE – 1818 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Ndwandwe Kingdom1780 CE – 1826 CEkingdom · today South Africa, Eswatini
- Batawana Chiefdom1795 CE – 1885 CEchiefdom · today Botswana
- Cape Colony1795 CE – 1910 CEprofile · today South Africa
- Graaff-Reinet Republic1795 CE – 1796 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Swellendam Republic1795 CE – 1795 CErepublic · today South Africa
19th century
- Batlokwa Chiefdom1800 CE – 1853 CEchiefdom · today South Africa, Lesotho
- Bondelswarts1800 CE – 1906 CEchiefdom · today Namibia
- Mataka Chiefdom1800 CE – 1912 CEchiefdom · today Mozambique, Malawi
- British Mauritius1810 CE – 1968 CEcolony · today Mauritius
- British Seychelles1810 CE – 1976 CEcolony · today Seychelles
- Griqualand West1813 CE – 1871 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Mangbetu Kingdom1815 CE – 1895 CEkingdom · today Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Zulu Kingdom1816 CE – 1887 CEprofile · today South Africa
- Basotho Kingdom1822 CE – 1868 CEkingdom · today Lesotho, South Africa
- Ndebele Kingdom1823 CE – 1894 CEkingdom · today Zimbabwe, South Africa
- Orlam Afrikaner State1823 CE – 1880 CEchiefdom · today Namibia
- Gaza Empire1824 CE – 1895 CEkingdom · today Mozambique, Zimbabwe
- Philippolis Griqua State1826 CE – 1861 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Makanjira Chiefdom1830 CE – 1895 CEchiefdom · today Malawi
- Sultanate of Dar al Kuti1830 CE – 1911 CEsultanate · today Central African Republic
- Sultanate of Moheli1830 CE – 1909 CEsultanate · today Comoros
- Thaba Nchu1833 CE – 1884 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Province of Queen Adelaide1835 CE – 1836 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Republic of Winburg1837 CE – 1848 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Potchefstroom Republic1838 CE – 1852 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Natalia Republic1839 CE – 1843 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Kololo Kingdom1840 CE – 1864 CEkingdom · today Zambia, Namibia, Botswana
- Colony of Mayotte and Dependencies1841 CE – 1946 CEcolony · today France, Comoros
- Nosy Be1841 CE – 1896 CEcolony · today Madagascar
- Gabon (French colony)1843 CE – 1958 CEcolony · today Gabon
- Natal Colony1843 CE – 1910 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Jumbe State of Nkhotakota1845 CE – 1894 CEother · today Malawi
- British Kaffraria1847 CE – 1866 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Orange River Sovereignty1848 CE – 1854 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Zoutpansberg Republic1849 CE – 1864 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Makanga1850 CE – 1902 CEother · today Mozambique
- Massangano1850 CE – 1888 CEother · today Mozambique
- South African Republic1852 CE – 1902 CEprofile · today South Africa
- Orange Free State1854 CE – 1902 CEprofile · today South Africa
- Republic of Utrecht1854 CE – 1858 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Northern Ngoni Kingdom1855 CE – 1904 CEkingdom · today Malawi
- Republic of Lydenburg1856 CE – 1860 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Yeke Kingdom1856 CE – 1891 CEkingdom · today Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Sultanate of Bangassou1860 CE – 1917 CEsultanate · today Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Griqualand East1862 CE – 1879 CEchiefdom · today South Africa
- Herero Paramountcy1863 CE – 1904 CEchiefdom · today Namibia
- Witbooi Nama1863 CE – 1905 CEchiefdom · today Namibia
- Mpezeni's Ngoni Kingdom1865 CE – 1898 CEkingdom · today Zambia, Malawi
- Basutoland1868 CE – 1966 CEcolony · today Lesotho
- Maseko Ngoni Kingdom1870 CE – 1896 CEkingdom · today Malawi, Mozambique
- Rehoboth Basters1870 CE – 1990 CErepublic · today Namibia
- Sultanate of Rafai1870 CE – 1909 CEsultanate · today Central African Republic
- Sultanate of Zemio1870 CE – 1913 CEsultanate · today Central African Republic
- Tippu Tip's State1870 CE – 1894 CEother · today Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Griqualand West Colony1873 CE – 1880 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Rabih az-Zubayr's state1879 CE – 1900 CEother · today Chad, Nigeria, Central African Republic
- French Congo1882 CE – 1910 CEcolony · today Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic
- Goshen1882 CE – 1885 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Stellaland1882 CE – 1885 CErepublic · today South Africa
- German South West Africa1884 CE – 1915 CEcolony · today Namibia
- Nieuwe Republiek1884 CE – 1888 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Bechuanaland Protectorate1885 CE – 1966 CEprotectorate · today Botswana
- British Bechuanaland1885 CE – 1895 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Congo Free State1885 CE – 1908 CEprofile · today Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Diego-Suarez Colony1885 CE – 1896 CEcolony · today Madagascar
- French Protectorate of Madagascar1885 CE – 1897 CEprotectorate · today Madagascar
- Portuguese Congo1885 CE – 1975 CEprotectorate · today Angola
- Republic of Upingtonia1885 CE – 1887 CErepublic · today Namibia
- Klein Vrystaat1886 CE – 1891 CErepublic · today South Africa
- Zululand (British colony)1887 CE – 1897 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Company rule in Rhodesia1890 CE – 1923 CEother · today Zimbabwe, Zambia
- British Central Africa Protectorate1891 CE – 1907 CEprotectorate · today Malawi
- Mozambique Company1891 CE – 1942 CEother · today Mozambique
- Niassa Company1891 CE – 1929 CEother · today Mozambique
- French Madagascar1897 CE – 1958 CEcolony · today Madagascar
- North-Western Rhodesia1899 CE – 1911 CEprotectorate · today Zambia
20th century
- Chad (French colony)1900 CE – 1958 CEcolony · today Chad
- North-Eastern Rhodesia1900 CE – 1911 CEprotectorate · today Zambia
- Orange River Colony1902 CE – 1910 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Transvaal Colony1902 CE – 1910 CEcolony · today South Africa
- Middle Congo1903 CE – 1958 CEcolony · today Republic of the Congo
- Swaziland Protectorate1903 CE – 1968 CEprotectorate · today Eswatini
- Ubangi-Shari1903 CE – 1958 CEcolony · today Central African Republic
- Nyasaland1907 CE – 1964 CEprotectorate · today Malawi
- Belgian Congo1908 CE – 1960 CEcolony · today Democratic Republic of the Congo
- French Equatorial Africa1910 CE – 1958 CEcolony · today Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic
- Union of South Africa1910 CE – 1961 CEprofile · today South Africa
- Northern Rhodesia1911 CE – 1964 CEprotectorate · today Zambia
- South West Africa1915 CE – 1990 CEother · today Namibia
- Southern Rhodesia1923 CE – 1965 CEcolony · today Zimbabwe
- Territory of the Comoros1946 CE – 1975 CEcolony · today Comoros, France
- Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland1953 CE – 1963 CEother · today Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi
- Republic of South Africa1961 CE – presentprofile · today South Africa
- Rhodesia1965 CE – 1979 CErepublic · today Zimbabwe
- Kingdom of Lesotho1966 CE – presentkingdom · today Lesotho
- Zimbabwe Rhodesia1979 CE – 1979 CErepublic · today Zimbabwe