Encyclopedia: J
1,204 entries under J · page 4 of 13: Janusz III of Masovia – Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Janusz III of MasoviaPersonJanusz III was the last Piast duke of Masovia, ruling jointly with his elder brother Stanisław.- Janusz RadziwiłłPersonJanusz Radziwiłł was a Lithuanian magnate, Calvinist leader and Grand Hetman of Lithuania.
Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620)PersonJanusz Radziwiłł was a Lithuanian magnate of the Calvinist branch of the Radziwiłł family.
JapanPlaceJapan is an island nation in East Asia.
Japanese invasion of the Dutch East IndiesCampaign · 1941–1942The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies was a campaign of 1941–1942 in which Japanese forces conquered the Dutch colonial territories in present-day Indonesia…- Japanese tea ceremonyTermThe Japanese tea ceremony is a ritual preparation and serving of powdered green tea, shaped by Zen Buddhist ideals of simplicity and harmony.
Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905Treaty · 1905The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905, known in Korea as the Eulsa Treaty, was signed on 17 November 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War.- JaponismeReligion / ideaJaponisme was the fashion for Japanese art and design in Europe and America in the later nineteenth century, after Japan opened to the West.
JarasandhaPersonJarasandha is a legendary king of Magadha in the Mahabharata and the Puranas, of the Brihadratha dynasty.- Jarawa (Berbers)People / groupThe Jarawa were a Zenata Berber tribe of the Aurès mountains in present-day Algeria in the 7th century.
- Jarnac ConventionTreaty · 1847The Jarnac Convention was an agreement signed by Britain and France on 19 June 1847 in which both powers recognised the independence of the Leeward Islands of the…
- Jaromar I of RügenPersonJaromar I was prince of Rügen, ruler of the Slavic Rani on the Baltic island of Rügen.
- Jaroslav HašekPersonJaroslav Hašek was a Czech writer and humorist, best known for his unfinished comic novel The Good Soldier Švejk, published from 1921 to 1923.
JarrowPlaceJarrow is a town on the south bank of the River Tyne in north-east England.- Jarrow MarchEventThe Jarrow March, or Jarrow Crusade, was a protest march in October 1936 by about 200 unemployed men from the shipbuilding town of Jarrow in north-east England to…
Järva CountyPlaceJärva County is a county in central Estonia, with its centre at Paide.
Jasaw Chan K'awiil IPersonJasaw Chan K'awiil I was the ruler of the Maya city of Tikal, in modern Guatemala, from 682 to about 734.
Jasenovac concentration campPlaceJasenovac was the largest concentration and extermination camp of the Independent State of Croatia, run by the Ustaše regime from 1941 to 1945 on the Sava River.
Jasna Góra MonasteryWork / monumentJasna Góra is a Pauline monastery on a hill in Częstochowa, southern Poland, founded in 1382 by Duke Władysław II of Opole, who brought monks from Hungary.
JasonPersonIn Greek mythology, Jason was the hero of Iolkos in Thessaly who led the Argonauts on the ship Argo to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis.- Jason of PheraePersonJason of Pherae was tyrant of Pherae in Thessaly who built a large mercenary army and forced Pharsalus, under Polydamas, to submit.
Jasper TudorPersonJasper Tudor was a Welsh nobleman, half-brother of Henry VI and earl of Pembroke, who was a leading Lancastrian commander in the Wars of the Roses.
Jassa Singh AhluwaliaPersonJassa Singh Ahluwalia was a Sikh leader who became supreme commander of the Dal Khalsa, the combined Sikh forces, from 1748, and head of the Ahluwalia misl.- Jassic peoplePeople / groupThe Jassic people, or Jász, were a group of Alan origin who settled in the Kingdom of Hungary in the thirteenth century, alongside the Cumans, after fleeing the Mongol…
- Jassim bin Muhammad Al ThaniPersonJassim bin Muhammad Al Thani was ruler of Qatar from 1878 to 1913 and is regarded as the founder of the modern state.
Jaswant Singh of MarwarPersonJaswant Singh was the Rathore ruler of Marwar, with its capital at Jodhpur, from 1638 to 1678 and a senior commander of the Mughal Empire.- Jaswant Singh of NabhaPersonJaswant Singh was raja of Nabha, one of the Phulkian Sikh states of Punjab, from 1783 to 1840.
Jataka talesWork / monumentThe Jataka tales are a large body of stories about the previous births of the Buddha, in which he appears as a human or an animal practising the virtues that lead to…- Jatavarman Kulasekara IPersonJatavarman Kulasekara I was a Pandya king of Madurai who reigned from 1190 to 1216, as the Pandyas began to emerge from long subordination to the Cholas.
- Jatavarman Sundara Pandya IPersonJatavarman Sundara Pandya I was the most powerful king of the Later Pandya dynasty of south India.
- Jatila Parantaka NedunjadaiyanPersonJatila Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan was a king of the Pandya dynasty of Madurai in the late 8th and early 9th centuries, often identified with Varaguna I.
- JatsPeople / groupThe Jats are an agricultural community of north-western India and Pakistan, living mainly in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh.
- Jatta National MuseumInstitutionThe Jatta National Museum in Ruvo di Puglia, southern Italy, displays the collection of ancient vases gathered by the Jatta family in the 19th century from tombs around…
JaujaPlaceJauja is a town in the Junín region of central Peru, in the Mantaro valley.- JaunpurPlaceJaunpur is a city on the Gomti river in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, founded in the 14th century by the Delhi sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq.
JavaPlaceJava is a densely populated island in Indonesia.
Java SeaPlaceThe Java Sea is a shallow sea between Java, Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia.
Java WarWar · Revolt · 1825–1830The Java War was a rebellion in central Java from 1825 to 1830 led by Prince Diponegoro of Yogyakarta against Dutch colonial rule and the Javanese courts that…
Javad KhanPersonJavad Khan of the Ziyadoghlu Qajar line was the last khan of Ganja, ruling from 1786.- Javanese calendarTermThe Javanese calendar was introduced by Sultan Agung of Mataram in 1633.
JavanshirPersonJavanshir was the most famous prince of Caucasian Albania, of the Mihranid family, ruling from about 637 until 680.
Javier de BurgosPersonJavier de Burgos was a Spanish politician, writer and translator from Motril.
Javier MileiPersonJavier Milei is an Argentine economist and politician who became president of Argentina in December 2023.
Javier Pérez de CuéllarPersonJavier Pérez de Cuéllar was a Peruvian diplomat who served as the fifth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1982 to 1991.
Javier SolanaPersonJavier Solana is a Spanish Socialist politician who was Secretary General of NATO from 1995 to 1999 and the European Union's High Representative for foreign and…- JavolsPlaceJavols is a village in Lozère in southern France, on the site of Anderitum, the chief town of the Gabali under Roman rule.
Jawaharlal NehruPersonJawaharlal Nehru was a leader of the Indian National Congress in the struggle for independence and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, imprisoned many times by the…- Jawan Mard KhanPersonJawan Mard Khan, born Kamal-ud-din Khan Babi, was a Mughal officer in Gujarat of the Babi family of Pathans, which also founded Junagadh State.
- Al-Jawf (Yemen)PlaceAl-Jawf is a region of northern Yemen, a broad desert valley north-east of Sanaa and north of Marib, now a governorate.
- Jawhar al-SiqilliPersonJawhar al-Siqilli was a Fatimid general of Sicilian or slave origin.
JaworPlaceJawor is a town in Lower Silesia, Poland.
Jaxa of KöpenickPersonJaxa of Köpenick was a Slavic prince of the mid-12th century who ruled from Köpenick, now part of Berlin, and issued coins there.
Jaya Prakash MallaPersonJaya Prakash Malla was the last Malla king of Kantipur (Kathmandu), ruling with interruptions from 1736 to 1768.- JayabayaPersonJayabaya was king of Kediri in East Java in the mid 12th century.
- Jayabhata IVPersonJayabhata IV was the last known king of the Gurjara dynasty of Nandipuri, which ruled the Lata region of southern Gujarat.
Jayachamarajendra WodeyarPersonJayachamarajendra Wodeyar was the last maharaja of Mysore, reigning from 1940.
JayachandraPersonJayachandra was the last major king of the Gahadavala dynasty, ruling Kannauj and Varanasi from about 1170 to 1194.
JayadevaPersonJayadeva was a Sanskrit poet of the 12th century, author of the Gita Govinda, a celebrated poem on the love of Krishna and Radha.
Jayadhwaj SinghaPersonJayadhwaj Singha was king of the Ahom kingdom of Assam from 1648 to 1663 and the first Ahom king to take initiation from a Vaishnavite satra.
Jayajirao ScindiaPersonJayajirao Scindia was Maharaja of Gwalior from 1843 to 1886.- JayakatwangPersonJayakatwang was a ruler of Gelang-gelang in East Java and a descendant of the kings of Kediri.
- Jayakeshi IPersonJayakeshi I was a king of the Kadamba dynasty of Goa in the 11th century, ruling as a feudatory of the Western Chalukya Empire.
JayapalaPersonJayapala was a king of the Hindu Shahi dynasty in the late 10th century, ruling from the Kabul valley to the Punjab.- JayapidaPersonJayapida was a king of Kashmir of the Karkota dynasty in the late 8th century, a grandson of Lalitaditya Muktapida.
JayapuraPlaceJayapura is the capital of the Indonesian province of Papua, on Yos Sudarso Bay on the north coast of New Guinea, near the border with Papua New Guinea.- Jayasimha IIPersonJayasimha II, also called Jagadekamalla I, was king of the Western Chalukya Empire from about 1015 to 1042.
- Jayasimha of KashmirPersonJayasimha was a king of Kashmir of the second Lohara dynasty, reigning from 1128 to 1155.
- Jayasimha SiddharajaPersonJayasimha Siddharaja was a king of the Chaulukya dynasty of Gujarat who ruled from Anahilavada (Patan) from 1092 to 1142.
Jayasthiti MallaPersonJayasthiti Malla was a king of the Malla dynasty of the Kathmandu valley in Nepal, ruling from Bhaktapur from about 1382 to 1395.- Jayavarman IPersonJayavarman I was a king of Chenla in Cambodia in the second half of the 7th century, the last ruler to hold the kingdom together.
- Jayavarman IIPersonJayavarman II was a Khmer ruler who in 802 CE proclaimed himself universal monarch, or chakravartin, in a ceremony declaring independence from Java.
Jayavarman VIIPersonJayavarman VII was a Khmer king of the late twelfth and early thirteenth century.- JazuliyyaReligion / ideaThe Jazuliyya was a Sufi tradition of Morocco that grew from the teaching of Muhammad al-Jazuli (d. c. 1465), author of the prayer book Dala'il al-Khayrat, within the…
JbalaPlaceJbala is a mountainous region of north-western Morocco, between Tangier, Tetouan and the Rif, and the name of the Arabic-speaking people who live there.
Je KhenpoTermThe Je Khenpo is the chief abbot of the Central Monastic Body of Bhutan and the country's highest religious authority.
Jean BourdichonPersonJean Bourdichon was a French painter and illuminator from Tours who served four kings of France, Louis XI, Charles VIII, Louis XII and Francis I.
Jean ChardinPersonJean Chardin was a French jeweller and traveller who made two long journeys to Safavid Persia between 1665 and 1677, passing through Mingrelia, Imereti and Georgia in…
Jean de BrébeufPersonJean de Brébeuf was a French Jesuit missionary who worked among the Huron (Wendat) from 1626, learning their language and writing a dictionary and catechism.
Jean de LéryPersonJean de Léry was a French Protestant pastor and writer who was one of the Calvinists sent from Geneva to the colony of France Antarctique in the bay of Rio de Janeiro…
Jean DecouxPersonJean Decoux was a French admiral who governed French Indochina for the Vichy regime from 1940 to 1945.- Jean du Plessis d'OssonvillePersonJean du Plessis d'Ossonville was a French nobleman who, with Charles Liénard de l'Olive, led the colonists sent by the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique to settle…
Jean Étienne ChampionnetPersonJean Étienne Championnet was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars.
Jean FroissartPersonJean Froissart was a poet and chronicler from Valenciennes in Hainaut.
Jean II d'EstréesPersonJean II d'Estrées was a French admiral and Marshal of France.
Jean II Le MaingrePersonJean II Le Maingre (1366–1421), known as Boucicaut, was a Marshal of France and celebrated knight.
Jean Joseph Amable HumbertPersonJean Joseph Amable Humbert was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars.
Jean LabordePersonJean Laborde was a French adventurer and industrialist who, shipwrecked on Madagascar in 1831, entered the service of Queen Ranavalona I.
Jean LamourPersonJean Lamour was a locksmith and ironworker from Nancy who worked for Stanisław Leszczyński, duke of Lorraine and Bar.- Jean Le VasseurPersonJean Le Vasseur was a French Huguenot engineer who took control of the Caribbean island of Tortuga in 1640 on behalf of the French governor of Saint Kitts.
Jean MonnetPersonJean Monnet was a French economist and diplomat regarded as a founder of European integration.
Jean MoulinPersonJean Moulin was a French prefect and hero of the Resistance.
Jean Parisot de ValettePersonJean Parisot de Valette was a French knight who was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller from 1557 to 1568.
Jean RacinePersonJean Racine was a French dramatist, the leading writer of tragedy in the age of Louis XIV.
Jean RappPersonJean Rapp was an Alsatian general of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and one of Napoleon's aides-de-camp.
Jean RibaultPersonJean Ribault was a French Huguenot naval officer who led French attempts to colonise Florida.
Jean SibeliusPersonJean Sibelius (1865–1957) was a Finnish composer whose seven symphonies, tone poems and the patriotic Finlandia of 1899 made him the leading figure of Finnish music and…
Jean TalonPersonJean Talon was the first intendant of New France, serving from 1665 to 1668 and from 1670 to 1672 under Louis XIV and his minister Colbert.
Jean-Andoche JunotPersonJean-Andoche Junot was a French general and early comrade of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Jean-Baptiste BagazaPersonJean-Baptiste Bagaza was a Burundian army officer who seized power in a coup in November 1976 and ruled as president until 1987.
Jean-Baptiste ColbertPersonJean-Baptiste Colbert was a minister of Louis XIV of France who directed finance, commerce and the navy.