Encyclopedia: J
1,204 entries under J · page 1 of 13: J. B. M. Hertzog – Jahangir
J. B. M. HertzogPersonJ.
J. B. van HeutszPersonJ.- J. C. Godeffroy & SohnInstitutionJ.
J. G. StrijdomPersonJ.
J. M. CoetzeePersonJ.- J. R. AckerleyPersonJ.
J. R. JayewardenePersonJ.- Ja'alinPeople / groupThe Ja'alin are an Arab tribe of the Nile valley in northern Sudan, centred on the region of Shendi, who claim descent from al-Abbas, the uncle of the Prophet.
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-HasaniPersonJa'far ibn Muhammad al-Hasani was a descendant of the Prophet's grandson al-Hasan ibn Ali who took control of Mecca in the 960s, around the time the Fatimids conquered…
Ja'far PishevariPersonJa'far Pishevari was an Iranian Azerbaijani communist who led the Azerbaijan People's Government, set up in Tabriz in 1945 under Soviet occupation.- Ja'fari schoolReligion / ideaThe Ja'fari school is the main school of Twelver Shia Islamic jurisprudence, named after the imam Ja'far al-Sadiq.
Jaan AnveltPersonJaan Anvelt was an Estonian Bolshevik leader who chaired the Commune of the Working People of Estonia, proclaimed in Narva in November 1918 with Soviet Russian backing…
Jaan PoskaPersonJaan Poska was an Estonian lawyer and statesman, mayor of Reval (Tallinn), who became commissar of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia created in 1917 after the…
Jabal al-DruzePlaceJabal al-Druze is a volcanic upland in southern Syria, around Suwayda, settled mainly by Druze from the 18th century.
Jabal AmilPlaceJabal Amil is a region in southern Lebanon with a long tradition of Shia scholarship.- Jabala ibn al-AyhamPersonJabala ibn al-Ayham was the last king of the Ghassanids, the Christian Arab allies of the Byzantine Empire on the Syrian frontier.
JabalpurPlaceJabalpur is a city on the Narmada river in Madhya Pradesh, central India.
JabbokPlaceThe Jabbok, now the Zarqa River, is a river of Jordan and the second largest tributary of the Jordan, flowing from near Amman north and then west to join it north of…- Jabesh-GileadPlaceJabesh-Gilead was a town east of the Jordan in Gilead mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
- JabiyahPlaceJabiyah was a site in the Golan region of southern Syria, near Nawa, that served as the main camp and court of the Ghassanid kings.
Jablonec nad NisouPlaceJablonec nad Nisou, in German Gablonz an der Neisse, is a town in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic, famous since the 18th century for glass jewellery and costume…
Jablunkov PassPlaceThe Jablunkov Pass is a mountain pass in the Western Beskids on the border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia, at about 550 metres.- Jabrin CastleWork / monumentJabrin Castle is a fortified palace near Bahla in the interior of Oman, built around 1670 by the Ya'aruba imam Bil'arab ibn Sultan.
JacaPlaceJaca is a town in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain, in the upper valley of the Aragón river near the Pyrenees.
JáchymovPlaceJáchymov, in German Joachimsthal, is a town in the Ore Mountains of north-western Czechia, founded after rich silver deposits were found there in 1516.
Jacinda ArdernPersonJacinda Ardern is a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party who was prime minister from 2017 to 2023.
Jacinto CanekPersonJacinto Canek was a Maya leader who led an uprising against Spanish rule at Cisteil in Yucatán in November 1761.- Jack LangPersonJack Lang was a Labor premier of New South Wales from 1925 to 1927 and from 1930 to 1932.
JacmelPlaceJacmel is a port city on the south coast of Haiti, founded by the French in 1698 and now capital of the Sud-Est department.- Jacob BaradaeusPersonJacob Baradaeus was a Syrian bishop who organised the Miaphysite church in opposition to the Council of Chalcedon.
Jacob KettlerPersonJacob Kettler was Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1642 to 1682, a vassal of Poland-Lithuania.
Jacob NienhuysPersonJacob Nienhuys was a Dutch tobacco planter who in 1863 began growing tobacco in the Sultanate of Deli, in north-eastern Sumatra, on land leased from the sultan.- Jacob RoggeveenPersonJacob Roggeveen was a Dutch explorer sent by the Dutch West India Company to search for the supposed southern continent.
Jacob SturmPersonJacob Sturm was a statesman of the free imperial city of Strasbourg who led its government and diplomacy for three decades.
Jacob van ArteveldePersonJacob van Artevelde was a wealthy citizen of Ghent who from 1338 led the city and, in effect, much of the County of Flanders.
Jacob ZumaPersonJacob Zuma is a South African politician who was president of South Africa from 2009 to 2018 and leader of the African National Congress from 2007 to 2017.
Jacobin ClubPeople / groupThe Jacobin Club was the most influential political club of the French Revolution, named after the former Dominican convent in Paris where it met, the Dominicans being…
Jacobite rising of 1715Revolt · 1715–1716The Jacobite rising of 1715 was an attempt by James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, to take the British throne from George I.
Jacobite rising of 1745Revolt · 1745–1746The Jacobite rising of 1745 was Charles Edward Stuart's attempt to regain the British thrones for his father James Francis Edward Stuart.
JacobitismReligion / ideaJacobitism was the movement to restore the Catholic king James II of England and his Stuart descendants to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland after his…
Jacobo ÁrbenzPersonJacobo Árbenz was a Guatemalan army officer and politician who was president of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954.
Jacobus BoshofPersonJacobus Boshof was the second president of the Orange Free State, from 1855 to 1859.- Jacopo I da CarraraPersonJacopo I da Carrara was a Paduan nobleman elected lord of Padua in 1318, when the commune sought a strong leader against Cangrande della Scala of Verona.
- Jacopo MalaspinaPersonJacopo Malaspina was marquis of Massa, a member of the Malaspina family of Lunigiana, who in 1473 bought Carrara with its marble quarries, uniting Massa and Carrara…
Jacopo PeriPersonJacopo Peri was a Florentine composer and singer associated with the Florentine Camerata and the Medici court.
Jacqueline, Countess of HainautPersonJacqueline of Bavaria, of the House of Wittelsbach, inherited Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland in 1417.
Jacques CallotPersonJacques Callot was a printmaker and draughtsman from Nancy in the Duchy of Lorraine who worked in Florence for the Medici before returning home around 1621.
Jacques CartierPersonJacques Cartier was a French explorer who made voyages to North America from 1534.
Jacques CassardPersonJacques Cassard was a French naval officer and privateer from Nantes.
Jacques DuchesnePersonJacques Duchesne was a French general who commanded the expedition that conquered Madagascar in 1895.
Jacques Dyel du ParquetPersonJacques Dyel du Parquet was a nephew of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and governor of Martinique from 1637.
Jacques LauristonPersonJacques Lauriston was a French general and diplomat of Scottish descent and an aide-de-camp of Napoleon.
Jacques Le Moyne de MorguesPersonJacques Le Moyne de Morgues was a French artist and cartographer who accompanied René Goulaine de Laudonnière's Huguenot expedition to Florida in 1564.
Jacques Louis RandonPersonJacques Louis Randon (1795–1871) was a French general and marshal who served as governor-general of Algeria from 1851 to 1858.
Jacques MarquettePersonJacques Marquette was a French Jesuit missionary in New France.
Jacques MassuPersonJacques Massu (1908–2002) was a French general who had served with the Free French in the Second World War.
Jacques PeirotesPersonJacques Peirotes was a socialist politician and mayor of Strasbourg from 1918 to 1929.- Jacques PronisPersonJacques Pronis was a French agent of the Compagnie de l'Orient who in 1643 established a trading post in south-east Madagascar.
Jacques SanterPersonJacques Santer is a Luxembourg Christian Social politician who was prime minister from 1984 to 1995 and President of the European Commission from 1995 to 1999.- Jacques-François de BrouillanPersonJacques-François de Brouillan was a French officer and colonial governor, governor of Plaisance (Placentia) in Newfoundland from 1691 to 1701 and later of Acadia.
Jacques-François MenouPersonJacques-François de Menou was a French general and nobleman who succeeded Jean-Baptiste Kléber as commander of the French army in Egypt in 1800.- Jacques-Joseph FabryPersonJacques-Joseph Fabry was a politician of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and a leader of the Liège Revolution of 1789.
Jacques-René de Brisay de DenonvillePersonJacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville, was governor general of New France from 1685 to 1689.- JadaunPeople / groupThe Jadaun are a Rajput clan of northern India who claim descent from the Yadavas, the lineage of Krishna.
JadejaPeople / groupThe Jadeja are a Rajput clan who ruled Kutch from the 16th century and spread into Saurashtra.
JadidismReligion / ideaJadidism was a reform movement among the Muslims of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Jadwiga of PolandPersonJadwiga was crowned ruler of Poland in the late fourteenth century.- JaénPlaceJaén is a city in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Jaén, below the castle hill of Santa Catalina.
Jafar Khan ZandPersonJafar Khan Zand was ruler of the Zand state from 1785 to 1789, a son of Sadeq Khan and the father of Lotf Ali Khan.
Jafar Qoli Khan DonboliPersonJafar Qoli Khan Donboli was khan of Khoy in north-western Iran, of the Kurdish Donboli family, who succeeded his father Ahmad Khan after his murder in 1786.- Jafar Qulu Khan NakhchivanskiPersonJafar Qulu Khan Nakhchivanski was a member of the family of the former khans of Nakhichevan who led the short-lived Republic of Aras, proclaimed in November 1918 in…
JaffaPlaceJaffa is an ancient port on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, now part of Tel Aviv–Yafo.
JaffnaPlaceJaffna is the main city of northern Sri Lanka, on the Jaffna peninsula, and the cultural centre of the Sri Lankan Tamils.
Jaffna KingdomStateThe Jaffna Kingdom was a Tamil kingdom in northern Sri Lanka ruled by the Aryacakravarti dynasty, whose origins are connected with the Pandya expeditions to the island…
Jag MandirWork / monumentJag Mandir is a palace on an island in Lake Pichola at Udaipur, built mainly under Maharana Karan Singh II in the 1620s and completed by Jagat Singh I, after whom it is…- JagaPeople / groupThe Jaga were invaders who overran the Kingdom of Kongo in 1568, sacking São Salvador and forcing King Álvaro I to flee, until a Portuguese expedition helped to expel…
Jagaddipendra NarayanPersonJagaddipendra Narayan was the last ruling Maharaja of Cooch Behar, succeeding as a child in 1922 and ruling in his own right from 1936.
Jagadhekamalla IIPersonJagadhekamalla II was king of the Western Chalukya Empire from 1138 to 1151, the son of Someshvara III.
JagannathReligion / ideaJagannath, Lord of the Universe, is a Hindu deity worshipped as a form of Vishnu or Krishna, chiefly at his temple in Puri, Odisha, together with Balabhadra and Subhadra.- Jagat RajPersonJagat Raj was a Bundela Rajput ruler, a son of Maharaja Chhatrasal of Bundelkhand.
Jagat SethPeople / groupJagat Seth, meaning 'banker of the world', was the hereditary title of a Marwari banking family based at Murshidabad in Bengal, granted by the Mughal emperor in 1723.
Jagat Singh IIPersonJagat Singh II was Maharana of Mewar from 1734 to 1751.- Jagat Singh of KulluPersonJagat Singh was a Raja of Kullu in the upper Beas valley in the 17th century.
- Jagat Singh of NurpurPersonJagat Singh was a Pathania Raja of Nurpur in the Punjab hills, son of Raja Basu.
Jagatjit PalaceWork / monumentThe Jagatjit Palace is a palace in Kapurthala, Punjab, India, built between 1900 and 1908 for Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala.
Jagatjit SinghPersonJagatjit Singh was maharaja of Kapurthala, a Sikh princely state in Punjab, from 1877 to 1947.- Jager AfrikanerPersonJager Afrikaner was a leader of the Oorlam Afrikaners, a Khoekhoe group of the Cape frontier who had adopted horses, guns and Cape Dutch.
Jagernath LachmonPersonJagernath Lachmon was a Surinamese politician who founded and for decades led the main party of the Hindustani (Indo-Surinamese) community, the VHP.- JagersfonteinPlaceJagersfontein is a town in the south of the Free State province of South Africa, which grew around a diamond mine opened in the early 1870s.
- JageshwarPlaceJageshwar is a temple site in a cedar-forested valley in Almora district of Uttarakhand, India.
JaghbubPlaceJaghbub is an oasis in eastern Libya near the Egyptian border.
Jaghjagh RiverPlaceThe Jaghjagh River is a tributary of the Khabur that rises in the Tur Abdin hills of south-eastern Turkey and flows south past Nusaybin and Qamishli into north-eastern…
Jagiellonian dynastyStateThe Jagiellonian dynasty was a royal house that ruled Poland, Lithuania and at times Bohemia and Hungary from the late fourteenth to the late sixteenth century.- Jagiellonian UniversityInstitutionThe Jagiellonian University in Kraków is the oldest university in Poland, founded by King Casimir III the Great in 1364 and refounded by Władysław II Jagiełło and Queen…
JagirInstitutionA jagir was an assignment of land revenue to an official or military commander in South Asia, typically in return for service.- Jagmal SinghPersonJagmal Singh was the founder of Banswara, a Rajput princely state in southern Rajasthan.
JagstPlaceThe Jagst is a river in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 190 km long and a right tributary of the Neckar.- Jahan PahlavanPersonJahan Pahlavan was the Eldiguzid atabeg of Azerbaijan from 1175 to 1186, son of the dynasty's founder Eldiguz.
- Jahan Shah (Qara Qoyunlu)PersonJahan Shah was ruler of the Qara Qoyunlu Turkoman confederation from 1438 to 1467, governing from Tabriz.
JahangirPersonJahangir was the fourth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1605 to 1627.