Country history · Asia

History of Indonesia

104 recorded states lay in what is now Indonesia, from the Kingdom of Kutai (350 CE) to Indonesia. 7 of them have a full profile, and 14 outside powers ruled here.

ProfileState (capital or seat)12 without a known seat not shownOpen in the atlas →

Profiles

Empires that ruled here

Timeline

4th century

  1. Kingdom of Kutai350 CE – 1635 CE · kingdom
  2. Tarumanagara358 CE – 669 CE · kingdom

5th century

  1. Kantoli441 CE – 563 CE · kingdom

6th century

  1. Kalingga Kingdom594 CE – 732 CE · kingdom

7th century

  1. Melayu Kingdom645 CE – 686 CE · kingdom
  2. Galuh Kingdom669 CE – 1482 CE · kingdom
  3. Sunda Kingdom669 CE – 1579 CE · profile

8th century

  1. Medang Kingdom732 CE – 1016 CE · kingdom
  2. Sailendra Kingdom752 CE – 832 CE · kingdom
  3. Kanjuruhan Kingdom760 CE – 850 CE · kingdom

9th century

  1. Peureulak Sultanate840 CE – 1292 CE · sultanate

10th century

  1. Bedulu Kingdom914 CE – 1343 CE · kingdom

11th century

  1. Kahuripan1019 CE – 1045 CE · kingdom
  2. Janggala1045 CE – 1136 CE · kingdom
  3. Kediri Kingdom1045 CE – 1222 CE · kingdom

12th century

  1. Lamuri1100 CE – 1520 CE · kingdom
  2. Dharmasraya1183 CE – 1347 CE · kingdom

13th century

  1. Singhasari1222 CE – 1292 CE · kingdom
  2. Aru Kingdom1225 CE – 1613 CE · kingdom
  3. Jailolo Sultanate1250 CE – 1551 CE · sultanate
  4. Ternate Sultanate1257 CE – 1914 CE · sultanate
  5. Samudera Pasai Sultanate1267 CE – 1521 CE · sultanate
  6. Kingdom of Sumenep1269 CE – 1883 CE · kingdom
  7. Gelang-gelang1292 CE – 1293 CE · kingdom
  8. Indragiri Sultanate1298 CE – 1945 CE · sultanate

14th century

  1. Blambangan Kingdom1300 CE – 1768 CE · kingdom
  2. Gowa Sultanate1300 CE – 1906 CE · sultanate
  3. Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate1300 CE – 1960 CE · sultanate
  4. Luwu Kingdom1300 CE – 1905 CE · kingdom
  5. Selaparang Kingdom1300 CE – 1740 CE · kingdom
  6. Soppeng Kingdom1300 CE – 1905 CE · kingdom
  7. Tanjungpura Kingdom1300 CE – 1950 CE · kingdom
  8. Bone Sultanate1330 CE – 1905 CE · sultanate
  9. Buton Sultanate1332 CE – 1960 CE · sultanate
  10. Pagaruyung Kingdom1347 CE – 1833 CE · kingdom
  11. Brunei Sultanate1368 CE – present · profile
  12. Kingdom of Gelgel1380 CE – 1686 CE · kingdom
  13. Negara Dipa1387 CE – 1495 CE · kingdom

15th century

  1. Malacca Sultanate1400 CE – 1511 CE · sultanate
  2. Pedir1400 CE – 1524 CE · kingdom
  3. Cirebon Sultanate1430 CE – 1677 CE · sultanate
  4. Bacan Sultanate1450 CE – 1950 CE · sultanate
  5. Tallo Kingdom1450 CE – 1906 CE · kingdom
  6. Tidore Sultanate1450 CE – 1905 CE · sultanate
  7. Wajo Kingdom1450 CE – 1906 CE · kingdom
  8. Hitu1470 CE – 1646 CE · kingdom
  9. Demak Sultanate1475 CE – 1554 CE · sultanate
  10. Giri Kedaton1487 CE – 1680 CE · theocracy
  11. Negara Daha1495 CE – 1526 CE · kingdom
  12. Aceh Sultanate1496 CE – 1903 CE · profile

16th century

  1. Duchy of Surabaya1500 CE – 1625 CE · duchy
  2. Wehali1500 CE – 1906 CE · kingdom
  3. Paser Sultanate1516 CE – 1906 CE · sultanate
  4. Banjar Sultanate1526 CE – 1860 CE · sultanate
  5. Banten Sultanate1527 CE – 1813 CE · sultanate
  6. Johor Sultanate1528 CE – present · profile
  7. Sumedang Larang1529 CE – 1620 CE · kingdom
  8. Dompu Sultanate1545 CE – 1958 CE · sultanate
  9. Kalinyamat1549 CE – 1579 CE · kingdom
  10. Langkat Sultanate1568 CE – 1946 CE · sultanate
  11. Pajang Sultanate1568 CE – 1586 CE · sultanate
  12. Mataram Sultanate1587 CE – 1755 CE · profile

17th century

  1. Kingdom of Karangasem1600 CE – 1894 CE · kingdom
  2. Kingdom of Sonbai1600 CE – 1906 CE · kingdom
  3. Kingdom of Tabanan1600 CE – 1906 CE · kingdom
  4. Kingdom of Tambora1600 CE – 1815 CE · kingdom
  5. Dutch East India Company territories1610 CE – 1799 CE · colony
  6. Jambi Sultanate1615 CE – 1904 CE · sultanate
  7. Kotawaringin Sultanate1615 CE – 1948 CE · sultanate
  8. Bima Sultanate1620 CE – 1958 CE · sultanate
  9. Bangkalan Kingdom1624 CE – 1885 CE · kingdom
  10. Asahan Sultanate1630 CE – 1946 CE · sultanate
  11. Deli Sultanate1632 CE – 1946 CE · sultanate
  12. Palembang Sultanate1659 CE – 1823 CE · sultanate
  13. Kingdom of Buleleng1660 CE – 1849 CE · kingdom
  14. Sumbawa Sultanate1674 CE – 1958 CE · sultanate
  15. Sambas Sultanate1675 CE – 1950 CE · sultanate
  16. Kanoman Sultanate1677 CE – 1815 CE · sultanate
  17. Kasepuhan Sultanate1677 CE – 1815 CE · sultanate
  18. Bencoolen1685 CE – 1824 CE · colony
  19. Kingdom of Klungkung1686 CE – 1908 CE · kingdom

18th century

  1. Kingdom of Jembrana1700 CE – 1882 CE · kingdom
  2. Kingdom of Mengwi1700 CE – 1891 CE · kingdom
  3. Serdang Sultanate1723 CE – 1946 CE · sultanate
  4. Siak Sultanate1723 CE – 1946 CE · sultanate
  5. Bulungan Sultanate1731 CE – 1964 CE · sultanate
  6. Kingdom of Mataram (Lombok)1740 CE – 1894 CE · kingdom
  7. Surakarta Sunanate1755 CE – 1946 CE · kingdom
  8. Yogyakarta Sultanate1755 CE – present · sultanate
  9. Mangkunegaran1757 CE – 1946 CE · principality
  10. Kingdom of Gianyar1770 CE – 1900 CE · kingdom
  11. Pontianak Sultanate1771 CE – 1950 CE · sultanate
  12. Heshun Confederation1776 CE – 1854 CE · other
  13. Lanfang Republic1777 CE – 1884 CE · republic
  14. Kingdom of Badung1788 CE – 1906 CE · kingdom

19th century

  1. Dutch East Indies1800 CE – 1949 CE · profile
  2. Kingdom of Bangli1800 CE – 1909 CE · kingdom
  3. British Java1811 CE – 1816 CE · colony
  4. Pakualaman1812 CE – present · principality
  5. Riau-Lingga Sultanate1824 CE – 1911 CE · sultanate

20th century

  1. Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies1942 CE – 1945 CE · other
  2. Indonesia1945 CE – present · profile
  3. Netherlands New Guinea1949 CE – 1962 CE · colony
  4. United States of Indonesia1949 CE – 1950 CE · republic

In the encyclopedia

Shared histories

States that also lay in other present-day countries:

States of Maritime Southeast Asia → All country histories →

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). History of Indonesia. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/indonesia
MLA
“History of Indonesia.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/indonesia. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “History of Indonesia.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/indonesia.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘History of Indonesia’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/indonesia (Accessed: ).