Country history · Asia

History of Israel

48 recorded states lay in what is now Israel, from Megiddo (2000 BCE) to Israel. 4 of them have a full profile, and 17 outside powers ruled here.

ProfileState (capital or seat)5 without a known seat not shownOpen in the atlas →

Profiles

Empires that ruled here

Timeline

21st century BCE

  1. Megiddo2000 BCE – 1150 BCE · city state

19th century BCE

  1. Acco1800 BCE – 1150 BCE · city state
  2. Gezer1800 BCE – 950 BCE · city state
  3. Lachish1800 BCE – 1150 BCE · city state
  4. Urusalim1800 BCE – 1000 BCE · city state

18th century BCE

  1. Kingdom of Hazor1750 BCE – 1250 BCE · city state

17th century BCE

  1. Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt1650 BCE – 1550 BCE · kingdom

12th century BCE

  1. Ashdod1175 BCE – 604 BCE · city state
  2. Ashkelon1175 BCE – 604 BCE · city state
  3. Ekron1175 BCE – 604 BCE · city state
  4. Gath1175 BCE – 830 BCE · city state
  5. Philistine Pentapolis1175 BCE – 604 BCE · tribal confederation

11th century BCE

  1. United Kingdom of Israel1047 BCE – 930 BCE · profile
  2. Aram-Maacah1000 BCE – 900 BCE · kingdom
  3. Geshur1000 BCE – 900 BCE · kingdom

10th century BCE

  1. Kingdom of Israel930 BCE – 720 BCE · profile
  2. Kingdom of Judah930 BCE – 587 BCE · profile

6th century BCE

  1. Yehud Medinata539 BCE – 332 BCE · theocracy

2nd century BCE

  1. Nabataean Kingdom168 BCE – 106 CE · kingdom
  2. Hasmonean Kingdom140 BCE – 37 BCE · kingdom

1st century BCE

  1. Decapolis (Levant)63 BCE – 106 CE · tribal confederation
  2. Herodian Kingdom of Judea37 BCE – 4 BCE · kingdom
  3. Herodian Ethnarchy of Judea4 BCE – 6 CE · principality
  4. Tetrarchy of Galilee and Peraea4 BCE – 39 CE · principality
  5. Tetrarchy of Philip4 BCE – 34 CE · principality

1st century

  1. Kingdom of Herod Agrippa37 CE – 100 CE · kingdom
  2. Provisional Government of Judea66 CE – 70 CE · other

2nd century

  1. Bar Kokhba state132 CE – 136 CE · other

3rd century

  1. Ghassanid Kingdom220 CE – 638 CE · kingdom
  2. Palmyrene Empire260 CE – 273 CE · kingdom

6th century

  1. Ghassanids502 CE – 638 CE · kingdom

10th century

  1. Ikhshidid emirate935 CE – 969 CE · emirate
  2. Jarrahids970 CE – 1107 CE · emirate

11th century

  1. Emirate of Atsiz1071 CE – 1079 CE · emirate
  2. Seljuk Sultanate of Syria1079 CE – 1095 CE · sultanate
  3. Kingdom of Jerusalem1099 CE – 1291 CE · profile
  4. Principality of Galilee1099 CE – 1187 CE · crusader state

12th century

  1. County of Jaffa and Ascalon1100 CE – 1268 CE · county
  2. Lordship of Haifa1100 CE – 1265 CE · crusader state
  3. Lordship of Arsuf1101 CE – 1265 CE · crusader state
  4. Lordship of Caesarea1101 CE – 1265 CE · crusader state
  5. Lordship of Ramla1120 CE – 1187 CE · crusader state
  6. Lordship of Ibelin1141 CE – 1187 CE · crusader state

18th century

  1. Sheikhdom of Zahir al-Umar1730 CE – 1775 CE · other

20th century

  1. Occupied Enemy Territory Administration1917 CE – 1920 CE · other
  2. Arab Kingdom of Syria1918 CE – 1920 CE · kingdom
  3. Mandatory Palestine1920 CE – 1948 CE · colony
  4. Israel1948 CE – present · republic

In the encyclopedia

Shared histories

States that also lay in other present-day countries:

States of Anatolia and the Levant → States of Egypt, North Africa and Sudan → All country histories →

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). History of Israel. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/israel
MLA
“History of Israel.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/israel. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “History of Israel.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/israel.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘History of Israel’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/israel (Accessed: ).