Encyclopedia: A
2,700 entries under A · page 3 of 27: Abraham Lincoln – Abulkhair Khan
Abraham LincolnPersonAbraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.
Abraham RoentgenPersonAbraham Roentgen was a German cabinetmaker who set up a furniture workshop at Neuwied on the Rhine in 1750.- Abraham van PeerePersonAbraham van Peere was a merchant of Vlissingen in Zeeland who founded the Dutch colony of Berbice in present-day Guyana.
AbruzzoPlaceAbruzzo is a region of central Italy between the Apennines and the Adriatic Sea, with its capital at L'Aquila.
AbsalomPersonAbsalom is the third son of King David in the Hebrew Bible, born to Maacah, daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur.
AbsalonPersonAbsalon was a Danish churchman and statesman, Bishop of Roskilde and later Archbishop of Lund, and the chief adviser of King Valdemar I.
Absheron PeninsulaPlaceThe Absheron Peninsula is a peninsula in eastern Azerbaijan that juts some 60 kilometres into the Caspian Sea, with the capital Baku on its southern coast.
Abtai Sain KhanPersonAbtai Sain Khan was a Khalkha Mongol prince, a great-grandson of Dayan Khan, who became the leading ruler of central Khalkha in the late 16th century.- Abu Abdallah al-Shi'iPersonAbu Abdallah al-Shi'i was an Ismaili missionary who converted and organised the Kutama Berbers of what is now Algeria in the late ninth century.
- Abu Abdallah Muhammad (Afrighid)PersonAbu Abdallah Muhammad was the last Afrighid shah of Khwarazm, ruling from Kath on the lower Amu Darya in the late 10th century.
- Abu al-Abbas Ahmad IIPersonAbu al-Abbas Ahmad II was a Hafsid sultan who ruled from Tunis from 1370 to 1394.
Abu al-Abbas al-SaffahPersonAbu al-Abbas al-Saffah was the first caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, reigning from 750 to 754.- Abu al-Baqa KhalidPersonAbu al-Baqa Khalid was a Hafsid prince who ruled the Hafsid emirate of Bejaia from 1301, succeeding his father Abu Zakariya.
- Abu al-Fath DawudPersonAbu al-Fath Dawud was the Ismaili ruler of Multan in the early 11th century, of the dynasty that had held the city since the late 10th century.
- Abu al-Fath Khan ZandPersonAbu al-Fath Khan Zand was a son of Karim Khan Zand, the founder of the Zand Empire.
- Abu al-FidaPersonAbu al-Fida was an Ayyubid prince, historian and geographer who ruled Hama under Mamluk overlordship from 1310 until his death in 1331.
- Abu al-Hakam ibn HassunPersonAbu al-Hakam ibn Hassun was the qadi of Málaga who ruled the city as an independent taifa from 1145, when Andalusi cities expelled their Almoravid garrisons.
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn OthmanPersonAbu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman was the Marinid sultan of Morocco from 1331 to 1348 and the dynasty's most ambitious ruler.- Abu al-Hasan Ali of GranadaPersonAbu al-Hasan Ali, known to the Castilians as Muley Hacén, was Nasrid emir of Granada from 1464 to 1482 and again in 1483–1485.
- Abu al-Hazm ibn JahwarPersonAbu al-Hazm ibn Jahwar was a Córdoban vizier who became head of the Taifa of Córdoba in 1031, when the city's notables deposed Hisham III and abolished the Caliphate of…
- Abu al-Khattab al-Ma'afiriPersonAbu al-Khattab al-Ma'afiri was an Arab Ibadi leader elected imam in 757 by the Ibadi Berbers of Tripolitania and the Jebel Nafusa.
- Abu al-Makarim Hibat AllahPersonAbu al-Makarim Hibat Allah was the chief of an Arab tribal group of the Rabi'a settled on Egypt's southern frontier around Aswan.
Abu al-Misk KafurPersonAbu al-Misk Kafur was a eunuch of African origin, once a slave, who became ruler of Ikhshidid Egypt.- Abu al-Muhajir DinarPersonAbu al-Muhajir Dinar was an Umayyad commander and governor of Ifriqiya from about 674 to 681.
- Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn AbbadPersonAbu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad was the qadi of Seville who founded the Abbadid dynasty.
- Abu al-Qasim SamguPersonAbu al-Qasim Samgu was a leader of the Miknasa Berbers and a Sufri Kharijite who became ruler of Sijilmasa after the deposition of its first leader, Isa ibn Yazid, in…
- Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn MarwanPersonAbu Ali al-Hasan ibn Marwan was the founder of Marwanid rule in Diyar Bakr, in what is now south-eastern Turkey.
- Abu Amr al-DaniPersonAbu Amr al-Dani (981–1053) was an Andalusi scholar of the Quran, born in Córdoba, who settled in Dénia under its ruler Mujahid al-Amiri.
- Abu Amr UthmanPersonAbu Amr Uthman was the Hafsid sultan of Ifriqiya from 1435 to 1488, one of the longest reigns of the dynasty.
Abu Bakar of JohorPersonAbu Bakar of Johor was temenggung of Johor from 1862, maharaja from 1868 and sultan from 1886.- Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn TahirPersonAbu Bakr Ahmad ibn Tahir was the head of the Banu Tahir, a local family who took effective control of the Taifa of Murcia in the 11th century.
- Abu Bakr al-SiddiqPersonAbu Bakr al-Siddiq was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, ruling from 632 to 634.
- Abu Bakr AtikuPersonAbu Bakr Atiku was the second caliph of Sokoto, ruling from 1837 to 1842.
- Abu Bakr ibn MuhammadPersonAbu Bakr ibn Muhammad was a sultan of the Walashma dynasty of the Adal Sultanate in the early sixteenth century.
Abu Bakr ibn Sa'dPersonAbu Bakr ibn Sa'd was atabeg of Fars of the Salghurid dynasty from 1226 to 1260.- Abu Bakr ibn Shaykh UmarPersonAbu Bakr ibn Shaykh Umar was the sultan of Mogadishu when the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta visited the city in 1331.
Abu Bakr ibn UmarPersonAbu Bakr ibn Umar was an Almoravid leader of the Lamtuna Berbers in the eleventh century.- Abu Bakr TihraniPersonAbu Bakr Tihrani was a fifteenth-century Persian historian at the court of the Aq Qoyunlu.
Abu Dhabi Investment AuthorityInstitutionThe Abu Dhabi Investment Authority is the sovereign wealth fund of the emirate of Abu Dhabi, founded in 1976 to invest the surplus revenues of its oil exports abroad.- Abu DulafPersonAbu Dulaf al-Qasim ibn Isa was an Arab general and poet of the Banu Ijl who served the Abbasid caliphs Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma'mun.
- Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz IIPersonAbu Faris Abd al-Aziz II was a Hafsid sultan who ruled from Tunis from 1394 to 1434, one of the longest and most successful reigns of the dynasty.
Abu Firas al-HamdaniPersonAbu Firas al-Hamdani was an Arab poet and warrior, a cousin of Sayf al-Dawla, the Hamdanid emir of Aleppo.- Abu FudaykPersonAbu Fudayk, Abd Allah ibn Thawr, was a Kharijite leader of the Najdiyya movement in eastern Arabia.
- Abu Hafs Umar al-HintatiPersonAbu Hafs Umar al-Hintati was a Masmuda Berber chief and one of the first companions of Ibn Tumart, founder of the Almohad movement.
Abu Hafs Umar al-IqritishiPersonAbu Hafs Umar al-Iqritishi led the Andalusi exiles who had rebelled against the Umayyad emir of Córdoba and later held Alexandria.- Abu Hafs Umar IPersonAbu Hafs Umar I was the Hafsid sultan of Tunis from 1284 to 1295, a son of Abu Zakariya Yahya I.
- Abu Hamid al-GharnatiPersonAbu Hamid al-Gharnati was an Andalusian Muslim traveller born in Granada who journeyed through North Africa, the Middle East and eastern Europe in the twelfth century.
Abu Hammu Musa IIPersonAbu Hammu Musa II was sultan of the Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen from 1359 to 1389.- Abu Hamza al-Mukhtar ibn AwfPersonAbu Hamza al-Mukhtar ibn Awf was an Ibadi Kharijite leader and the general of Abd Allah ibn Yahya, the imam proclaimed in Hadramawt in 746.
- Abu Hassun al-SemlaliPersonAbu Hassun al-Semlali was a sharif and descendant of the saint Sidi Ahmed ou Moussa who built a principality in the Tazeroualt region of the Anti-Atlas in southern…
- Abu Imran al-FasiPersonAbu Imran al-Fasi was a Moroccan Maliki jurist who taught in Kairouan in the early eleventh century.
Abu Inan FarisPersonAbu Inan Faris was sultan of the Marinid dynasty of Morocco from 1348 to 1358.- Abu Isa ibn LabbunPersonAbu Isa ibn Labbun was a Valencian notable who made himself master of Murviedro, the ancient Saguntum, after al-Qadir was installed in Valencia as a Castilian client in…
- Abu Ishaq al-SahiliPersonAbu Ishaq al-Sahili was an Andalusi poet from Granada who accompanied Mansa Musa back from Mecca to the Mali Empire in the 1320s.
- Abu Ishaq Ibrahim IPersonAbu Ishaq Ibrahim I was Hafsid sultan of Ifriqiya from 1279 to 1283, a son of Abu Zakariya Yahya I and brother of al-Mustansir.
Abu Ishaq InjuPersonAbu Ishaq Inju was the last Injuid ruler of Fars, governing from Shiraz from about 1343.- Abu JaPersonAbu Ja, also called Jatau, was a ruler of the Hausa dynasty of Zazzau driven into exile by the Fulani jihad.
Abu KalijarPersonAbu Kalijar was a Buyid ruler who governed Fars and Khuzistan from 1024 and also Iraq from 1044 until his death in 1048.
Abu KamalPlaceAbu Kamal (al-Bukamal) is a town in eastern Syria, in Deir ez-Zor Governorate, on the Euphrates at the border with Iraq, opposite al-Qa'im.- Abu Mansur Fulad SutunPersonAbu Mansur Fulad Sutun was the last Buyid ruler of Fars, a son of Abu Kalijar.
- Abu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi HafsPersonAbu Muhammad Abd al-Wahid ibn Abi Hafs was an Almohad governor of Ifriqiya and a son of Abu Hafs Umar, a companion of the Almohad founder Ibn Tumart.
Abu MusaPlaceAbu Musa is an island in the Persian Gulf near the Strait of Hormuz, long administered by Sharjah.
Abu MuslimPersonAbu Muslim was the Persian revolutionary leader who organised the Abbasid movement in Khurasan and led the uprising against the Umayyad Caliphate.- Abu Nasr MansurPersonAbu Nasr Mansur ibn Iraq was a Persian mathematician and astronomer, a prince of the Afrighid dynasty of Khwarazm.
- Abu Numayy IIPersonAbu Numayy II was Sharif of Mecca, sharing rule with his father from 1512 and governing alone from 1525 until his death in 1584.
- Abu Nur Hilal ibn Abi QurraPersonAbu Nur Hilal ibn Abi Qurra was a chief of the Banu Ifran, a Zanata Berber clan, who made himself independent at Ronda around 1015, at first as a governor for the…
- Abu QurraPersonAbu Qurra was the leader of the Banu Ifran, a Zenata Berber tribe of the central Maghreb, during the Berber revolts against Arab rule.
- Abu RakwaPersonAbu Rakwa was an Umayyad pretender who led a major revolt against the Fatimid Caliphate from 1004 to 1006.
- Abu Sa'id al-JannabiPersonAbu Sa'id al-Jannabi was an Ismaili missionary who founded the Qarmatian state of Bahrain in eastern Arabia.
Abu Sa'id Bahadur KhanPersonAbu Sa'id Bahadur Khan was the last effective ruler of the Ilkhanate, the Mongol state centred on Iran.
Abu Sa'id MirzaPersonAbu Sa'id Mirza (1424–1469) was a Timurid ruler, a great-grandson of Timur, who seized Samarkand in 1451 with the help of the Uzbek khan Abu'l-Khayr and later took…- Abu SalabikhPlaceAbu Salabikh is an archaeological site in southern Iraq, about 20 kilometres north-west of Nippur, whose ancient name is uncertain.
Abu SimbelPlaceAbu Simbel is a site on the Nile in Lower Nubia, southern Egypt, with two rock-cut temples built by Ramesses II in the 13th century BCE; the larger is fronted by four…- Abu TaghlibPersonAbu Taghlib was the Hamdanid emir of Mosul who deposed his father Nasir al-Dawla in 967.
- Abu Tahir al-JannabiPersonAbu Tahir al-Jannabi was ruler of the Qarmatian state of Bahrain in eastern Arabia from 923 until his death in 944.
- Abu Tahir ibn MuhammadPersonAbu Tahir ibn Muhammad was the founder of the Hazaraspid dynasty of Luristan in south-western Iran.
- Abu Ubayda ibn al-JarrahPersonAbu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah was an early companion of Muhammad and one of the leading commanders of the Rashidun conquest of Syria.
- Abu Uthman Said ibn HakamPersonAbu Uthman Said ibn Hakam was ra'is of Muslim Menorca from 1234 until his death in 1282, ruling from Madina Manurqa, the later Ciutadella, as a tributary of the Crown…
Abu Yaqub Yusuf IPersonAbu Yaqub Yusuf I was the second caliph of the Almohad Caliphate, son and successor of Abd al-Mu'min.
Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-HaqqPersonAbu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq was sultan of the Marinid dynasty of Morocco from 1258 to 1286.- Abu Zakariya Yahya IPersonAbu Zakariya Yahya I was the founder of the Hafsid Sultanate of Tunis.
- Abu Zayd (Almohad governor of Valencia)PersonAbu Zayd was an Almohad prince, a descendant of the caliph Abd al-Mu'min, and the last Almohad governor of Valencia.
- Abu'l-Abbas Ma'munPersonAbu'l-Abbas Ma'mun, Ma'mun II, was Khwarazmshah of the Ma'munid dynasty from 1009 to 1017, ruling from Gurganj.
- Abu'l-Aswar Shavur IPersonAbu'l-Aswar Shavur I was the Shaddadid emir of Ganja in the south Caucasus from 1049 to 1067, having earlier ruled Dvin.
- Abu'l-Fadl Nasr ibn AhmadPersonAbu'l-Fadl Nasr ibn Ahmad was the founder of the Nasrid line of maliks of Sistan, a branch of the Saffarid dynasty.
- Abu'l-Fath Muhammad ibn AnnazPersonAbu'l-Fath Muhammad ibn Annaz was a Kurdish chief of the Shadhanjan tribe who founded the Annazid dynasty.
- Abu'l-Fazl BayhaqiPersonAbu'l-Fazl Bayhaqi was a Persian secretary in the chancery of the Ghaznavid sultans and a historian.
Abu'l-Fazl ibn MubarakPersonAbu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak was the vizier, historian and close adviser of the Mughal emperor Akbar.- Abu'l-Futuh al-Hasan ibn Ja'farPersonAbu'l-Futuh al-Hasan ibn Ja'far was Sharif of Mecca from about 994 to 1039.
- Abu'l-Ghazi BahadurPersonAbu'l-Ghazi Bahadur was khan of Khiva from about 1643 to 1663 and a noted historian.
- Abu'l-Harith MuhammadPersonAbu'l-Harith Muhammad was the Farighunid amir of Guzgan, in present-day northern Afghanistan, in the late 10th century.
- Abu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn HamdanPersonAbu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Hamdan was an Arab commander of the Banu Taghlib who laid the foundations of the Hamdanid dynasty's power.
- Abu'l-Hayja WahsudanPersonAbu'l-Hayja Wahsudan was the Rawwadid emir of Azerbaijan, ruling north-western Iran from Tabriz from about 1019 to 1059.
Abu'l-Khayr KhanPersonAbu'l-Khayr Khan was a Shibanid descendant of Genghis Khan who ruled the nomadic Uzbeks of the steppe east of the Ural River from 1428 until his death.- Abu'l-Shawk FarisPersonAbu'l-Shawk Faris was the leading ruler of the Annazid dynasty, Kurdish lords of the Zagros passes between Iraq and Iran, from 1011 to 1046.
- Abubakar GarbaiPersonAbubakar Garbai was Shehu of Borno from 1902 to 1922.
Abubakar Tafawa BalewaPersonAbubakar Tafawa Balewa was a Nigerian politician of the Northern People's Congress who became federal prime minister in 1957 and led Nigeria to independence on 1…
Abul Hasan Qutb ShahPersonAbul Hasan Qutb Shah, known as Tana Shah, was the last sultan of Golconda in the Deccan, reigning from 1672 to 1687.- Abul-AbbasTermAbul-Abbas was an Asian elephant sent by the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid to Charlemagne.
Abulkhair KhanPersonAbulkhair Khan was khan of the Junior Juz, the western Kazakh horde, from about 1718.