Encyclopedia: J
1,204 entries under J · page 12 of 13: Judaea – Jutland
JudaeaPlaceJudaea was the region of the southern Levant centred on Jerusalem, the land of the Jewish people in antiquity.- JudahPlaceJudah was an ancient kingdom in the southern Levant with its capital at Jerusalem.
- JudaismReligion / ideaJudaism is the monotheistic religion of the Jewish people, based on the Hebrew Bible and rabbinic tradition.
- Judar PashaPersonJudar Pasha was a commander in the service of the Saadi sultan of Morocco, of Spanish origin.
Judas MaccabeusPersonJudas Maccabeus was a Jewish priest and military leader, the third son of Mattathias, who led the revolt against the Seleucid king Antiochus IV from 166 BCE.- Judas of GalileePersonJudas of Galilee was a Jewish leader who led resistance to the census of Quirinius when Judaea became a Roman province in 6 CE, teaching that paying tax to Rome meant…
JudicaelPersonJudicael was a king of Domnonée in northern Brittany in the 7th century, later venerated as a saint.
Judicial Committee of the Privy CouncilInstitutionThe Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, set up in London in 1833, served as the final court of appeal for British colonies and dominions.
Judicial Papyrus of TurinWork / monumentThe Judicial Papyrus of Turin is an Egyptian papyrus of the twelfth century BCE recording the trials of those accused in the harem conspiracy against Ramesses III.- Judith of FlandersPersonJudith of Flanders was a daughter of Count Baldwin IV of Flanders who married Tostig Godwinson, Earl of Northumbria, and after his death in 1066 Welf IV, Duke of Bavaria.
- Judith of FrancePersonJudith was a daughter of the Frankish king Charles the Bald who married two kings of Wessex, Æthelwulf in 856 and then his son Æthelbald.
JuffurePlaceJuffure is a village on the north bank of the Gambia River in The Gambia, close to Albreda.
Jugend (magazine)Work / monumentJugend was an illustrated weekly magazine of art and literature founded in Munich in 1896 by the publisher Georg Hirth.
JugolWork / monumentThe Jugol is the defensive wall of the city of Harar in eastern Ethiopia.
JugurthaPersonJugurtha was king of Numidia, a grandson of Masinissa who seized the whole kingdom after killing one adoptive brother and fighting the other.
Jugurthine WarWar · 112–105 BCEThe Jugurthine War was fought from 112 to 105 BCE between the Roman Republic and Jugurtha, king of Numidia.
Juho Kusti PaasikiviPersonJuho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956) was a Finnish statesman who served as prime minister in 1944–1946 and as president from 1946 to 1956.- Juka SambalaPersonJuka Sambala was king of Khasso on the upper Senegal River in the mid-19th century.
- Jukun peoplePeople / groupThe Jukun are a people of the middle Benue valley in north-eastern Nigeria, living mainly in Taraba and neighbouring states.
JulamerkPlaceJulamerk, in Kurdish Colemêrg, is the historic name of the town of Hakkâri in the mountains of south-eastern Turkey, above the Great Zab valley.- Al-Julanda ibn Mas'udPersonAl-Julanda ibn Mas'ud was the first Ibadi imam of Oman, elected around 750 by the Ibadi scholars and leaders after the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate.
Jules BrunetPersonJules Brunet was a French army officer sent with a military mission to train the shogunate's troops in 1867.- Jules FerryPersonJules Ferry was a French republican statesman who twice served as prime minister, in 1880–1881 and 1883–1885.
Jules GrosPersonJules Gros was a French journalist and geographer whom adventurers in Paris named president for life of the Republic of Counani in 1886.
Jules MazarinPersonJules Mazarin was an Italian-born cardinal and diplomat who served as chief minister of France from 1642 until his death in 1661.- Julfa (Nakhchivan)PlaceJulfa, known to Armenians as Jugha, is a town on the Aras river in Nakhchivan, now part of Azerbaijan.
- JulfarPlaceJulfar was a medieval port on the northern coast of the Oman peninsula, near modern Ras al-Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates.
Julia DomnaPersonJulia Domna was a Roman empress, daughter of the high priest of the sun god at Emesa in Syria.- Julian (emperor)PersonJulian was a Roman emperor of the fourth century CE, known for attempting to restore traditional paganism.
- Julian calendarReligion / ideaThe Julian calendar is a solar calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE, with a leap year every four years.
Julian GrenierPersonJulian Grenier was lord of Sidon and Beaufort in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.- Julian RevolutionRevolution · 1925The Julian Revolution was a coup carried out on 9 July 1925 by young officers of the Ecuadorian army who overthrew the government.
Juliana of CornillonPersonJuliana of Cornillon was an Augustinian nun near Liège whose visions led her to campaign for a feast honouring the Eucharist.
Juliana of StolbergPersonJuliana of Stolberg was a German countess, daughter of Count Botho III of Stolberg, who married William, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, in 1531.
Juliana of the NetherlandsPersonJuliana was Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 to 1980, succeeding her mother Wilhelmina.
Julien FédonPersonJulien Fédon was a free coloured planter of French descent on Grenada.
Julio Argentino RocaPersonJulio Argentino Roca was an Argentine general and statesman, twice president of Argentina, from 1880 to 1886 and from 1898 to 1904.
Julio C. TelloPersonJulio C.
Julio César Méndez MontenegroPersonJulio César Méndez Montenegro (1915–1996) was a Guatemalan lawyer and politician who served as president from 1966 to 1970, the only civilian to hold the office between…
Julio CortázarPersonJulio Cortázar was an Argentine writer who lived in Paris from 1951 and became a leading figure of the Latin American Boom.- Julius AsclepiodotusPersonJulius Asclepiodotus was a Roman praetorian prefect under the emperors Maximian and Constantius Chlorus, and consul in 292.
Julius CaesarPersonJulius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman whose victory in civil war made him dictator, before his assassination in 44 BCE.
Julius CivilisPersonJulius Civilis was a Batavian noble and Roman auxiliary commander who led the Batavian revolt of 69 to 70 CE during the civil wars of the Year of the Four Emperors.
Julius ClassicianusPersonGaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus was the Roman procurator, or chief financial officer, of Britain appointed after Boudica's revolt of 60 or 61.
Julius Echter von MespelbrunnPersonJulius Echter von Mespelbrunn was prince-bishop of Würzburg from 1573 to 1617.
Julius MaternusPersonJulius Maternus was a Roman traveller who, according to Ptolemy's Geography citing Marinus of Tyre, journeyed with the king of the Garamantes on an expedition south…
Julius NyererePersonJulius Nyerere was a Tanzanian teacher and politician who led the Tanganyika African National Union to independence in 1961.
Julius SabinusPersonJulius Sabinus was a nobleman of the Lingones in Gaul who, during the revolt of the Batavi in 69–70 CE, proclaimed himself Caesar and led his people against Rome.
Julius SundblomPersonJulius Sundblom was a journalist and politician from the Åland Islands who led the movement for reunion with Sweden after Finnish independence.
Julius von PflugPersonJulius von Pflug was a German humanist and Catholic theologian who sought reconciliation with the Lutherans and helped draft the Augsburg Interim of 1548.
JuliusspitalInstitutionThe Juliusspital is a charitable foundation in Würzburg, Germany, founded in 1576 by Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn as a hospital and home for the poor…
July CrisisCrisis · 1914The July Crisis was the diplomatic crisis of 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
Jumièges AbbeyWork / monumentJumièges Abbey is a ruined Benedictine abbey on a loop of the Seine in Normandy, founded in the 7th century by Saint Philibert.- Jun of GojoseonPersonJun was the last king of the Gija line of Gojoseon in northern Korea, according to Chinese and Korean historical tradition.
Junagarh FortWork / monumentJunagarh Fort is a fort in the city of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India, built between 1589 and 1594 by Karan Chand, minister of Raja Rai Singh, a general of the Mughal…- Junaid KhanPersonJunaid Khan was a Turkmen tribal leader of the Yomut who became the real power in the Khanate of Khiva from 1918.
- Junayd (painter)PersonJunayd was a Persian manuscript painter working in Baghdad for the Jalayirid sultan Ahmad Jalayir in the late 14th century.
June RevolutionRevolution · 1924The June Revolution was an uprising in Albania in June 1924 that drove Ahmet Zogu from power and brought the Orthodox bishop and reformer Fan Noli to the head of the…- Jungle CommandoPeople / groupThe Jungle Commando was a Maroon guerrilla force led by Ronnie Brunswijk that fought the Surinamese National Army in the interior war of 1986 to 1992 against the…
Junín RegionPlaceJunín is a region of central Peru, stretching from the Andean highlands around Lake Junín to the Amazonian forests of the east; its capital is Huancayo.
Junípero SerraPersonJunípero Serra was a Spanish Franciscan friar from Majorca who founded the first nine of the 21 Spanish missions of Alta California, beginning with San Diego in 1769.- Junju of BugandaPersonJunju was kabaka of Buganda in the second half of the eighteenth century.
- JunkersInstitutionJunkers was a German aircraft and engine manufacturer based in Dessau, founded by the engineer Hugo Junkers.
JunnarPlaceJunnar is a town in Pune district, Maharashtra, India, at the foot of the Western Ghats near the Naneghat pass.
Juno BeachPlaceJuno Beach was the code name of one of the five Allied landing sectors in Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944, stretching around Courseulles-sur-Mer.- Juno CuritisReligion / ideaJuno Curitis was a form of the goddess Juno worshipped at Falerii, the chief town of the Falisci, and also venerated at Rome.
- Juntas Generales of BiscayInstitutionThe Juntas Generales of Biscay are the general assembly of the province of Biscay in the Basque Country.
Juozas AmbrazevičiusPersonJuozas Ambrazevičius was a Lithuanian literary scholar who served as acting prime minister of the Provisional Government of Lithuania in June to August 1941, after the…
Jupiter (god)Religion / ideaJupiter was the chief god of the ancient Roman state religion, god of the sky and thunder, identified with the Greek Zeus.- Jupiter LatiarisReligion / ideaJupiter Latiaris was the form of Jupiter worshipped as the shared god of the Latin peoples at his sanctuary on the Alban Mount, now Monte Cavo, near the site of Alba…
- Juqu AnzhouPersonJuqu Anzhou was a prince of the Northern Liang, brother of its last ruler Juqu Mujian.
- Juqu MengxunPersonJuqu Mengxun was a Lushuihu Xiongnu chief who rebelled against Later Liang in 397 and set up the official Duan Ye as ruler of Northern Liang, then killed him in 401 and…
- Juqu MujianPersonJuqu Mujian was the last ruler of the Northern Liang, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in the Hexi Corridor, succeeding his father Juqu Mengxun in 433.
- Juqu WuhuiPersonJuqu Wuhui was a prince of the Northern Liang dynasty in north-western China, a son of Juqu Mengxun.
- Jura BegPersonJura Beg was a beg of the Kenagas Uzbek tribe who, with Baba Beg, held Shahrisabz in the Qashqadarya valley independent of the Emirate of Bukhara in the mid-19th century.
- Jura MountainsPlaceThe Jura Mountains are a sub-alpine range of folded limestone running about 300 kilometres in an arc north of the western Alps, along the border of France and…
- Jurchen campaigns against the Liao dynastyWar · 1114–1125The Jurchen campaigns against the Liao dynasty were the wars of 1114–1125 in which the Jurchens of Manchuria under Wanyan Aguda rose against the Khitan-led Liao dynasty.
Jurchen Jin dynastyStateThe Jurchen Jin dynasty ruled northern China from 1115 until 1234.- JurchensPeople / groupThe Jurchens were a Tungusic people of Manchuria.
Jürgen WullenweverPersonJürgen Wullenwever was a Lübeck merchant who rose to power as a popular Lutheran leader and became mayor in 1533.
Jüri VilmsPersonJüri Vilms was an Estonian lawyer and politician, one of the three members of the Salvation Committee that proclaimed Estonia's independence on 24 February 1918 and…
Juruá RiverPlaceThe Juruá River is a major southern tributary of the Amazon, rising in eastern Peru and flowing more than 3,000 km north-east through the Brazilian states of Acre and…- Jury trialTermJury trial is a legal procedure in which a panel of citizens decides the facts of a case.
Juscelino KubitschekPersonJuscelino Kubitschek was a doctor and politician, governor of Minas Gerais, who served as president of Brazil from 1956 to 1961.- Justan IIIPersonJustan III was a ruler of the Justanid dynasty of Daylam in the mountains of northern Iran.
Justicia de AragónInstitutionThe Justicia de Aragón was the chief judge of the Kingdom of Aragon, chosen from the knights, who settled disputes between the king and the nobility and guarded the…- Justicia of AragonTermThe Justicia of Aragon was a high judge of the medieval Kingdom of Aragon who arbitrated between the king and his subjects and could protect individuals against royal…
- Justin Ahomadégbé-TomêtinPersonJustin Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin was a Dahomeyan politician, a dentist from Abomey whose support lay in the Fon south-centre.
Justin IPersonJustin I was a Byzantine emperor of the early sixth century, uncle of Justinian I.
Justin IIPersonJustin II was Byzantine emperor from 565 to 578, nephew and successor of Justinian I.
Justinian IPersonJustinian I was a Byzantine emperor of the sixth century CE.
Justinian IIPersonJustinian II was a Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty who reigned from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711.
Justinus KernerPersonJustinus Kerner was a German poet and physician from Ludwigsburg, a leading member of the Swabian school of poets alongside Ludwig Uhland.
Justo José de UrquizaPersonJusto José de Urquiza was an Argentine general and politician, long governor of Entre Ríos.
Justo Rufino BarriosPersonJusto Rufino Barrios was a Guatemalan general who led the Liberal Revolution of 1871 and ruled as president from 1873 to 1885.
Justus MöserPersonJustus Möser was a German jurist, historian and essayist who for decades directed the government of the prince-bishopric of Osnabrück.
Justus PerthesInstitutionJustus Perthes was a publishing house founded in Gotha in 1785 by Johann Georg Justus Perthes.
Justus von LiebigPersonJustus von Liebig was a German chemist, born in Darmstadt, who was professor at the University of Giessen from 1824 to 1852 and then at Munich.
JutesPeople / groupThe Jutes were a Germanic people who, according to Bede, came from Jutland and settled in Kent, the Isle of Wight and parts of Hampshire in the 5th century, alongside…
JutlandPlaceJutland is the peninsula of northern Europe that forms the mainland of Denmark, together with the northern part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.