Encyclopedia: O
628 entries under O · page 3 of 7: Old Smyrna – Operation Blue Star
- Old SmyrnaPlaceOld Smyrna is the archaeological site of the first city of Smyrna, on the mound of Tepekule at Bayraklı on the north-eastern shore of the Gulf of Izmir, Turkey.
- Old Town SquarePlaceOld Town Square is the main square of Prague's Old Town, a market place since the twelfth century.
- Old TurkicTermOld Turkic is the earliest recorded Turkic language, written in a runic script from the 8th century.
Old University of LeuvenInstitutionThe Old University of Leuven was founded in 1425 by Pope Martin V at the request of Duke John IV of Brabant and became one of the great universities of Catholic Europe.- Old Uyghur languageTermOld Uyghur was the Turkic language of the Uyghur Kingdom of Qocho and the Gansu Uyghurs from the 9th to the 14th centuries.
Old Zürich WarWar · 1440–1446The Old Zürich War was a conflict within the Swiss Confederacy over the inheritance of the last count of Toggenburg, who died in 1436.
Ole RømerPersonOle Rømer was a Danish astronomer who in 1676, working at the Paris Observatory, showed from the timing of eclipses of Jupiter's moon Io that light travels at a finite…
Oleg II of RyazanPersonOleg II of Ryazan, known as Oleg Ivanovich, was Grand Prince of Ryazan for most of the period from 1350 to 1402.
Oleg of NovgorodPersonOleg of Novgorod was a Varangian prince who, according to the Primary Chronicle, succeeded Rurik at Novgorod and in 882 seized Kiev, killing its rulers Askold and Dir.- Oleg SviatoslavichPersonOleg Sviatoslavich was a Rurikid prince, son of Sviatoslav II of Kiev and ancestor of the Olgovichi princes of Chernigov.
OlelkovichPeople / groupThe Olelkovich were a princely family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, descended from Olelko (Alexander) Vladimirovich, a grandson of Grand Duke Algirdas.
OleśnicaPlaceOleśnica is a town in Lower Silesia, Poland, east of Wrocław.
Olga of KievPersonOlga was the wife of Prince Igor of Kiev and regent of Kievan Rus' for her son Sviatoslav after Igor's death in 945.
OlibaPersonOliba was a Catalan churchman, a son of the count of Cerdanya, who became abbot of Ripoll and Cuixà in 1008 and bishop of Vic in 1018.
OlindaPlaceOlinda is a colonial town on the coast of Pernambuco, Brazil, founded in 1535 by the donatary Duarte Coelho as the capital of his captaincy.
OlitePlaceOlite is a town in Navarre, Spain, south of Pamplona.- Olive oilTermOlive oil is the oil pressed from olives, a staple of Mediterranean diet, lighting and trade since antiquity.
Oliver CromwellPersonOliver Cromwell was an English soldier and politician who rose to command the New Model Army in the Civil Wars against Charles I and supported the king's execution in…
Oliver GoldsmithPersonOliver Goldsmith was an Irish writer, educated at Trinity College Dublin, who made his career in London as a member of Samuel Johnson's circle.
Olivier de ClissonPersonOlivier de Clisson was a Breton soldier who fought first for John of Montfort, losing an eye at Auray in 1364, and then for France.
Oliwa CathedralWork / monumentOliwa Cathedral is a church in the Oliwa district of Gdańsk, Poland, originally the church of a Cistercian abbey founded in 1186 by Duke Sambor I of Pomerelia.
ÖljeitüPersonÖljeitü was a ruler of the Ilkhanate in the early fourteenth century.
OllantaytamboPlaceOllantaytambo is a town and Inca archaeological site in the Sacred Valley of the Urubamba, north-west of Cusco in Peru.- OllovicoPersonOllovico was a king of the Nitiobroges, a Gaulish people on the Garonne, in the 1st century BCE.
Olmeca-XicalancaPeople / groupThe Olmeca-Xicalanca were a people named in colonial chronicles as rulers of the Puebla-Tlaxcala valley in the Epiclassic period, between the decline of Teotihuacan and…
OlmecsPeople / groupThe Olmecs were the earliest major civilisation of Mesoamerica, flourishing in the Gulf Coast lowlands of southern Veracruz and Tabasco in Mexico from about 1200 to 400…
Olof SkötkonungPersonOlof Skötkonung was king of Sweden from about 995 and the first Swedish king known to have been a Christian, traditionally baptised at Husaby.
Olof TrätäljaPersonOlof Trätälja, 'the Tree-Feller', is a legendary Swedish king of the Yngling line known from Ynglingatal and Snorri Sturluson's Ynglinga saga.
OlomoucPlaceOlomouc is a city in central Moravia in the Czech Republic, on the Morava river.
OlosegaPlaceOlosega is a small volcanic island in the Manuʻa group of American Samoa, linked to neighbouring Ofu by a bridge across a narrow channel.- OlousPlaceOlous was an ancient Greek city on the Gulf of Mirabello in eastern Crete, near modern Elounda.
OlowoTermThe Olowo is the title of the king of Owo, a Yoruba kingdom in Ondo State, Nigeria.
Olt RiverPlaceThe Olt is a river of Romania, about 615 km long, that rises in the Eastern Carpathians, flows through south-eastern Transylvania, cuts through the Southern Carpathians…
OlteniaPlaceOltenia is the historical region of south-western Romania between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt river, forming the western part of Wallachia.
Olu of WarriTermThe Olu of Warri is the title of the king of the Itsekiri people of the western Niger Delta in Nigeria.- OlukondaPlaceOlukonda is a village in Ondonga in northern Namibia and the site of the first Finnish Lutheran mission station among the Ovambo, founded in 1871.
Olumo RockPlaceOlumo Rock is a granite outcrop in Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria.- OluyolePersonOluyole was a military leader of Ibadan who held the title of Bashorun from the 1830s until his death in 1847.
- OlympiaPlaceOlympia was a sanctuary of Zeus in the western Peloponnese, in the valley of the Alpheios in Elis, where the Olympic Games were held, traditionally from 776 BCE.
OlympiasPersonOlympias was a Molossian princess of Epirus, daughter of King Neoptolemus I, who married Philip II of Macedon and was the mother of Alexander the Great.- Olympius (exarch)PersonOlympius was the Byzantine exarch of Ravenna from 649 to 652.
Olympos (Lycia)PlaceOlympos was a city on the coast of eastern Lycia, south-west of modern Antalya in Turkey, and one of the six leading members of the Lycian League.- OlynthiacsWork / monumentThe Olynthiacs are three political speeches delivered by the Athenian orator Demosthenes in 349–348 BCE.
- OlzaPlaceThe Olza is a river in Cieszyn Silesia, about 99 kilometres long, a tributary of the Oder.
OmahekePlaceThe Omaheke is a sandveld region of eastern Namibia on the edge of the Kalahari, now an administrative region with its capital at Gobabis.- OmanPlaceOman is a country on the south-eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, commanding the approaches to the Persian Gulf.
Omar al-MukhtarPersonOmar al-Mukhtar was a Libyan teacher of the Quran and Senussi leader who led armed resistance to Italian colonial rule in Cyrenaica for nearly twenty years.
Omar Ali Saifuddien IIIPersonOmar Ali Saifuddien III was the 28th sultan of Brunei, reigning from 1950 to 1967.
Omar Ali Saifuddien MosqueWork / monumentThe Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque is a royal mosque in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei, completed in 1958 and named after Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III.
Omar Ali Saifuddin IIPersonOmar Ali Saifuddin II was sultan of Brunei from 1828 to 1852.
Omar KhayyamPersonOmar Khayyam was a Persian mathematician, astronomer and poet of the eleventh and early twelfth centuries.
Omar TorrijosPersonOmar Torrijos was a Panamanian National Guard officer who became the country's leader after the coup of 1968 and dominated its politics until his death in a plane crash…
OmbronePlaceThe Ombrone is a river of southern Tuscany, Italy, which rises in the hills near Siena and flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea south of Grosseto.
OmdurmanPlaceOmdurman is a city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Khartoum, part of Sudan's largest urban area.
Omer BodsonPersonOmer Bodson (1856–1891) was a Belgian officer in the service of the Congo Free State and a member of the Stairs Expedition to Katanga.
Ōmi ProvincePlaceŌmi Province was an old province of Japan, corresponding to modern Shiga prefecture, surrounding Lake Biwa.
OmmelandenPlaceThe Ommelanden are the rural Frisian districts surrounding the city of Groningen in the northern Netherlands.- Omo n'ObaInstitutionOmo n'Oba is a title of the Oba of Benin, rendered on the site as child of the king of kings.
Omo RiverPlaceThe Omo is a river of south-western Ethiopia that rises in the highlands west of Addis Ababa and flows south for about 760 kilometres into Lake Turkana.- Omoro SōshiWork / monumentThe Omoro Sōshi is a collection of 1,554 old Ryukyuan songs and chants in 22 volumes, compiled by the royal court at Shuri between 1531 and 1623.
OmriPersonOmri was king of Israel from about 884 to 873 BCE and founder of a dynasty that included his son Ahab.
Omride dynastyStateThe Omride dynasty was the royal house of the Kingdom of Israel founded by Omri around 885 BCE and destroyed by Jehu's coup around 841 BCE.
OmskPlaceOmsk is a city in south-western Siberia, Russia, at the confluence of the Irtysh and Om rivers.
Ōmura MasujirōPersonŌmura Masujirō, born Murata Zōroku, was a Japanese physician and scholar of Western learning who became the founder of Japan's modern army.
OmurtagPersonOmurtag was khan of the First Bulgarian Empire from 814 to 831.
On Crimes and PunishmentsWork / monumentOn Crimes and Punishments is a treatise by Cesare Beccaria, published anonymously in Livorno in 1764.
On the Origin of SpeciesWork / monumentOn the Origin of Species is the book by Charles Darwin, published in London in November 1859, that set out the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Onake ObavvaPersonOnake Obavva was a woman of Chitradurga in Karnataka, remembered for defending the fort against the army of Hyder Ali of Mysore in the 18th century.
OñatiPlaceOñati is a town in Gipuzkoa in the Basque Country of Spain.
OncenioEventThe Oncenio (Eleven Years) is the name for the second government of Augusto B.- OnchestusPlaceOnchestus was an ancient site in Boeotia between Lake Copais and Thebes, best known for its sanctuary of Poseidon, mentioned in Homer's Catalogue of Ships and the…
- OndjivaPlaceOndjiva is the capital of Cunene Province in southern Angola, near the Namibian border.
Ondo StatePlaceOndo State is a state in south-western Nigeria, created in 1976 from the former Western State, with its capital at Akure.
Oneida LakePlaceOneida Lake is the largest lake lying wholly within New York State, north-east of Syracuse.- OnesilusPersonOnesilus was the brother of King Gorgus of Salamis in Cyprus who, according to Herodotus, seized power and led most Cypriot cities into the Ionian Revolt against Persia…
- OnfimPersonOnfim was a boy who lived in Novgorod in the thirteenth century, probably aged six or seven, known from a group of birchbark documents found by archaeologists in 1956.
Ong KhanPersonOng Khan, born Toghrul, was khan of the Keraites in central Mongolia and a sworn brother of Temüjin's father.
Đồng KhánhPersonĐồng Khánh was emperor of Vietnam of the Nguyen dynasty from 1885 to 1889.
Đông Sơn cultureTermThe Đông Sơn culture was a Bronze Age culture of the Red River and Ma River valleys of northern Vietnam, named after a village in Thanh Hóa province.- OnglosPlaceThe Onglos was the area near the Danube delta, probably in southern Bessarabia or northern Dobruja, where the Bulgars of Asparuh settled in the 670s.
OniPlaceOni is a small town in the Racha region of north-western Georgia, on the upper Rioni river.
Onilahy RiverPlaceThe Onilahy is a river of south-western Madagascar, which flows west across the dry plateau and reaches the Mozambique Channel at St Augustine's Bay, south of Toliara.
Ōnin WarWar · 1467–1477The Ōnin War was a civil war fought in Japan from 1467 to 1477, mainly in and around Kyoto, between factions led by Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen over the…
Onjo of BaekjePersonOnjo is the legendary founder of Baekje, said by the Samguk sagi to have been a son of Jumong, founder of Goguryeo.- Onn JaafarPersonOnn Jaafar was a Malay politician and chief minister of Johor who led the opposition to the Malayan Union and founded the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in…
- Onofrio della CavaPersonOnofrio della Cava was a Neapolitan architect and engineer who built Dubrovnik's public water supply, completed in 1438, which brought water nearly 12 kilometres from a…
- OnogursPeople / groupThe Onogurs were a Turkic-speaking nomadic people of the Pontic–Caspian steppe, first recorded in 463 CE when they sent envoys to Constantinople.
OnojieTermOnojie, plural Enijie, is the title of the hereditary traditional rulers of the Esan chiefdoms in Edo State, Nigeria.- OnomarchusPersonOnomarchus was the general of the Phocians in the Third Sacred War, succeeding Philomelus in 354 BCE.
Onon RiverPlaceThe Onon is a river of north-eastern Mongolia and Russia's Zabaykalsky Krai, about 800 kilometres long, which rises in the Khentii Mountains and joins the Ingoda to…
Onondaga LakePlaceOnondaga Lake is a lake in central New York, beside modern Syracuse, sacred to the Onondaga Nation.
OntarioPlaceOntario is the most populous province of Canada, stretching from the Great Lakes to Hudson Bay, with Toronto as its capital and Ottawa, the national capital, within its…
OorlamPeople / groupThe Oorlam were groups of Khoekhoe and mixed descent from the Cape Colony frontier who had adopted horses, firearms, Cape Dutch speech and Christianity.
OpavaPlaceOpava (German: Troppau) is a city in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Opava river.
OpechancanoughPersonOpechancanough was paramount chief of the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia and a younger brother of Wahunsenacah.
Oper am GänsemarktInstitutionThe Oper am Gänsemarkt was an opera house in Hamburg, opened in 1678 as the first public opera house in Germany.
Operation 1027Campaign · 2023–2024Operation 1027 was an offensive launched on 27 October 2023 by the Three Brotherhood Alliance of ethnic armed groups in northern Shan State, Myanmar.
Operation BagrationCampaign · 1944Operation Bagration was the Soviet summer offensive of 1944 in Belarus, launched on 22–23 June.
Operation BarbarossaCampaign · 1941Operation Barbarossa was the German invasion of the Soviet Union, launched on 22 June 1941 by some three million German troops with Romanian, Finnish and other allied…- Operation Blue StarEventOperation Blue Star was the Indian Army's assault in June 1984 on the Golden Temple complex at Amritsar, the holiest shrine of Sikhism, to remove the armed Sikh…