Encyclopedia: I
760 entries under I · page 5 of 8: Instruction of Amenemhat – Iron plough
Instruction of AmenemhatWork / monumentThe Instruction of Amenemhat is an ancient Egyptian literary text of the Twelfth Dynasty in which the dead king Amenemhat I advises his son Senusret I, describing an…- Instruction of Vladimir MonomakhWork / monumentThe Instruction of Vladimir Monomakh is a work written by the grand prince of Kiev Vladimir Monomakh, probably in the early twelfth century, as guidance for his sons.
Instructions of ShuruppakWork / monumentThe Instructions of Shuruppak is a Sumerian wisdom text in which Shuruppak, a ruler of the city of that name, gives proverbial advice to his son Ziusudra, the flood hero.- Instructions of the Year XIIIWork / monumentThe Instructions of the Year XIII were the directions given in April 1813 by José Gervasio Artigas and a congress of the Eastern Province to its deputies at the…
InsulinTermInsulin is the hormone that regulates blood sugar, and its absence or failure causes diabetes.
Intef IPersonIntef I was a ruler of Thebes in Upper Egypt in the late 22nd century BCE, the first of the Eleventh Dynasty to claim the full titles of a king.
Intef IIPersonIntef II, also called Wahankh, was a king of the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt who ruled from Thebes for about fifty years during the First Intermediate Period.- IntemeliiPeople / groupThe Intemelii were a Ligurian people of the western Riviera, on the modern border between France and Italy.
- Intendancy of GuadalajaraPlaceThe Intendancy of Guadalajara was an administrative division of New Spain created in 1786 under the Bourbon Reforms, which replaced the older kingdom of New Galicia…
Inter caeteraWork / monumentInter caetera is a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493, after Columbus's first voyage.
IntercatiaPlaceIntercatia was a town of the Vaccaei in the northern Meseta of Spain, in the region of modern Zamora or Valladolid.
Intercession of the TheotokosTermThe Intercession of the Theotokos (Pokrov) is an Eastern Orthodox feast, celebrated on 1 October (14 October in the Gregorian calendar), commemorating a vision of the…
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary OrganizationPeople / groupThe Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization was a secret revolutionary society founded in Thessaloniki in 1893 to win autonomy for Macedonia and the Adrianople…- Internal rebellionHistorical factorInternal rebellion is a recurring pattern in which revolts by peasants, provinces, generals or religious movements weaken or overthrow a ruling power.
Internal Security Act 1960Work / monumentThe Internal Security Act 1960 was a Malaysian law allowing detention without trial, introduced at the end of the Malayan Emergency to fight communist insurgency.
International Association of the CongoInstitutionThe International Association of the Congo was an organisation controlled by Leopold II of Belgium through which Henry Morton Stanley built stations along the Congo…- International Business Companies Act (British Virgin Islands)Work / monumentThe International Business Companies Act of 1984 was a law of the British Virgin Islands that allowed the cheap and simple formation of offshore companies with low…
- International Commission against Impunity in GuatemalaInstitutionThe International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG) was a United Nations-backed body, set up by agreement with the Guatemalan government, that worked…
International Commission of ControlInstitutionThe International Commission of Control was a body set up by the Great Powers in 1913 to administer newly independent Albania.
International Committee of the Red CrossInstitutionThe International Committee of the Red Cross is a humanitarian organisation founded in Geneva in 1863 by Henry Dunant, Guillaume-Henri Dufour and three other citizens.
International Court of JusticeInstitutionThe International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, set up in 1945 and sitting in The Hague.- International Financial CommissionInstitutionThe International Financial Commission was a body of representatives of the great powers set up in 1898 to supervise Greece's public finances.
International Force East TimorPeace · 1999–2000The International Force East Timor (INTERFET) was a multinational peacekeeping force led by Australia and authorised by the UN Security Council in September 1999.- International lawReligion / ideaInternational law is the body of rules governing relations between states.
International Monetary FundInstitutionThe International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international financial institution founded in 1944 to support monetary co-operation and provide emergency financing.
International Petroleum CompanyInstitutionThe International Petroleum Company was a Canadian-registered subsidiary of Standard Oil of New Jersey that controlled the La Brea y Pariñas oilfields in north-western…
International Railways of Central AmericaPeople / groupInternational Railways of Central America (IRCA) was a United States-owned railway company formed in 1912 that controlled most of Guatemala's railways as well as lines…
International Security Assistance ForceInstitutionThe International Security Assistance Force was a multinational military mission in Afghanistan set up by the United Nations Security Council in December 2001, first to…
International Workingmen's AssociationInstitutionThe International Workingmen's Association, commonly known as the First International, was a political international that aimed to unite left-wing groups and trade…
Interpretatio romanaReligion / ideaInterpretatio romana was the Roman practice of identifying foreign gods with Roman deities, such as equating a Celtic god with Mercury or Mars.- InthaPeople / groupThe Intha are a people living on and around Inle Lake in southern Shan State, Myanmar.
- IntharachaPersonIntharacha, also known as Nakhon In, was king of Ayutthaya from 1409 to 1424.
- InthasomPersonInthasom was king of Luang Phrabang from 1723 to 1749, a grandson of Sourigna Vongsa, the last king of united Lan Xang.
IntiReligion / ideaInti was the sun god of the Incas and the divine ancestor claimed by the Sapa Inca, the emperor.
Inti RaymiEventInti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, was the main religious festival of the Inca Empire, held in Cusco at the June solstice in honour of the sun god Inti.
Intolerable ActsWork / monumentThe Intolerable Acts, called the Coercive Acts in Britain, were four punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party.
InuitPeople / groupThe Inuit are the Indigenous peoples of the Arctic of Greenland, Canada and Alaska, speaking languages of the Eskimo-Aleut family.
Inukai TsuyoshiPersonInukai Tsuyoshi was a Japanese party politician and Prime Minister from December 1931 to May 1932.
Invasion of the WaikatoCampaign · 1863–1864The Invasion of the Waikato was the largest campaign of the New Zealand Wars, fought in 1863–1864 by British and colonial forces against the Māori King Movement in the…
InvernessPlaceInverness is a city in the Highlands of Scotland, at the mouth of the River Ness on the Moray Firth.
Investiture of Zimri-LimWork / monumentThe Investiture of Zimri-Lim is a wall painting from the palace of Mari, dating to the reign of Zimri-Lim in the eighteenth century BCE.
InzakReligion / ideaInzak, also written Enzak, was the chief god of Dilmun, the Bronze Age civilisation centred on Bahrain.
Ioane PetritsiPersonIoane Petritsi was a Georgian Neoplatonist philosopher and translator of the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries.
IoanninaPlaceIoannina is the largest city of Epirus in north-western Greece, on the shore of Lake Pamvotis.
Ioannis KapodistriasPersonIoannis Kapodistrias was a Corfiot nobleman who served as a secretary of state of the Septinsular Republic and then as a Russian diplomat and joint foreign minister of…
Ioannis MalachiasPersonIoannis Malachias was a Greek doctor who led the uprising on the Aegean island of Icaria in July 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War.
Ioannis MetaxasPersonIoannis Metaxas was a Greek general and politician who ruled Greece as dictator from 4 August 1936 until his death, with the support of King George II.
Ioannis RallisPersonIoannis Rallis was a Greek politician who served as the third and last collaborationist prime minister of Greece under the Axis occupation, from 1943 to 1944.
ʻIolani PalaceWork / monumentʻIolani Palace in Honolulu was the royal residence of the Kingdom of Hawaii, completed in 1882 for King Kalākaua and lit by electricity from 1887.
Ion AntonescuPersonIon Antonescu was a Romanian army officer who ruled Romania as Conducător from 1940 to 1944.
Ion IliescuPersonIon Iliescu was a Romanian politician who led the National Salvation Front after the revolution of December 1989 overthrew Nicolae Ceaușescu.
Ion InculețPersonIon Inculeț was a Bessarabian physicist and politician who presided over the Sfatul Țării, the council that proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic in December 1917.- Ion of ChiosPersonIon of Chios was a Greek poet and prose writer of the fifth century BCE who spent much of his life in Athens.
IonaPlaceIona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the west coast of Mull in Scotland.- Iona SysoyevichPersonIona Sysoyevich was Metropolitan of Rostov from 1652 until his death.
IoniaPlaceIonia was the central part of the western coast of Anatolia, settled by Ionian Greeks and home to cities such as Miletus and Ephesus.
Ionian AcademyInstitutionThe Ionian Academy was the first Greek institution of higher education of modern times, founded in Corfu in 1824 under British rule by the philhellene Frederick North…
Ionian RevoltRevolt · 499–493 BCEThe Ionian Revolt was a rising of the Greek cities of Ionia and other parts of Asia Minor and Cyprus against Persian rule, from 499 to 493 BCE.- Ionian SeaPlaceThe Ionian Sea is the part of the Mediterranean between southern Italy and western Greece and Albania, linked to the Adriatic in the north by the Strait of Otranto.
Ionian University of SmyrnaInstitutionThe Ionian University of Smyrna was a Greek university planned in Smyrna during the Greek administration of the city after 1919.
IoniansPeople / groupThe Ionians were one of the main groups of the ancient Greeks, speaking the Ionic dialect and living in Attica, Euboea, the Cyclades and, from about 1000 BCE, the…
Iorwerth ap BleddynPersonIorwerth ap Bleddyn was a prince of Powys, son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.- IōtorishimaPlaceIōtorishima is a small volcanic island at the northern end of the Okinawa Islands, now part of Okinawa Prefecture.
Ipatiev MonasteryWork / monumentThe Ipatiev Monastery is an Orthodox monastery at Kostroma on the Volga, traditionally founded around 1330 by the Tatar noble Chet, ancestor of the Godunov family.- IpfPlaceThe Ipf is a hill of 668 metres near Bopfingen on the edge of the Nördlinger Ries in Baden-Württemberg.
IphicratesPersonIphicrates was an Athenian general known for his use of light-armed peltasts, with which he destroyed a Spartan regiment near Corinth around 390 BCE.- Ipiq-Adad IIPersonIpiq-Adad II was a king of Eshnunna in the Diyala region of Mesopotamia in the 19th century BCE.
- Ipiranga RiverPlaceThe Ipiranga is a small river, or stream, in São Paulo, Brazil.
IpswichPlaceIpswich is the county town of Suffolk, England, at the head of the Orwell estuary.
Ipswich, MassachusettsPlaceIpswich is a town on the North Shore of Massachusetts, founded by English Puritans in 1634.- IqtaInstitutionThe iqta was an Islamic administrative system in which the right to collect revenue from a territory was assigned to military officers in place of salary.
IraghticonnorPlaceIraghticonnor, from the Irish Oireacht Uí Chonchúir, "the inheritance of O'Connor", is a barony in north County Kerry, Ireland, lying between the River Feale and the…
IranPlaceIran is a country and historical region of south-western Asia, centred on the Iranian plateau.
Iranian Green MovementEventThe Iranian Green Movement was a wave of mass protests that followed the disputed presidential election of June 2009, in which Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was declared the…
Iranian plateauPlaceThe Iranian plateau is a high region of south-western Asia lying between Mesopotamia, Central Asia and the Indus valley.- Iranian RevolutionRevolution · 1978–1979The Iranian Revolution of 1978–1979 overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy of Mohammad Reza Shah.
IranunPeople / groupThe Iranun are a people of the coast of Mindanao around Illana Bay in the southern Philippines, with communities also in Sabah.
IranzuPersonIranzu was a king of Mannaea, south of Lake Urmia in north-western Iran, in the late 8th century BCE.- Iran–Iraq WarWar · 1980–1988The Iran–Iraq War was fought from September 1980 to August 1988 after Saddam Hussein's Iraq invaded Iran, seeking control of the Shatt al-Arab and hoping to exploit the…
IraqPlaceIraq is a region of south-western Asia centred on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the land of ancient Mesopotamia.
Irfan HabibPersonIrfan Habib (born 1931) is an Indian historian of medieval and early modern India, long associated with Aligarh Muslim University.
Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of MauáPersonIrineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of Mauá, was a Brazilian industrialist, banker and entrepreneur.
Irish Confederate WarsWar · 1641–1653The Irish Confederate Wars were the Irish part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, beginning with the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
Irish Declaration of IndependenceWork / monumentThe Irish Declaration of Independence was adopted by Dáil Éireann, the assembly of Sinn Féin members elected in 1918, at its first meeting in Dublin on 21 January 1919.- Irish Home Rule BillsWork / monumentThe Irish Home Rule Bills were measures introduced in the UK Parliament to give Ireland a parliament of its own within the United Kingdom.
- Irish House of CommonsInstitutionThe Irish House of Commons was the elected lower house of the Parliament of Ireland, which existed from the Middle Ages until 1800.
- Irish Parliamentary PartyPeople / groupThe Irish Parliamentary Party was the Irish nationalist party in the UK House of Commons that campaigned for Home Rule.
Irish SeaPlaceThe Irish Sea lies between Ireland and Great Britain, joined to the Atlantic by the North Channel and St George's Channel, with the Isle of Man near its centre.
Irish War of IndependenceWar · 1919–1921The Irish War of Independence was a guerrilla war fought by the Irish Republican Army against British forces in Ireland.- Irkab-DamuPersonIrkab-Damu was a king of Ebla in the twenty-fourth century BCE and successor of Igrish-Halam.
IrkutskPlaceIrkutsk is a city in eastern Siberia, Russia, on the Angara river near Lake Baikal.
IrminsulWork / monumentThe Irminsul was a sacred pillar, perhaps a great tree trunk, venerated by the pagan Saxons of northern Germany.
IrneriusPersonIrnerius was an Italian jurist who taught Roman law at Bologna in the early 12th century and is regarded as the founder of the Bologna school of glossators.
Iron AgeReligion / ideaThe Iron Age is the period in which iron replaced bronze as the main metal for tools and weapons, beginning in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East around 1200 BCE…
Iron Crown of LombardyWork / monumentThe Iron Crown of Lombardy is a medieval crown of gold and jewels, kept in the cathedral of Monza, whose inner band was said to be made from a nail of the True Cross.- Iron CurtainTermThe Iron Curtain was the political, military and physical boundary that divided Europe after the Second World War, separating the Soviet Union and the communist states…
Iron Gate (Central Asia)PlaceThe Iron Gate is a narrow mountain pass in the Baysun range of southern Uzbekistan, on the route between Samarkand and the Amu Darya.
Iron GatesPlaceThe Iron Gates are the gorge of the Danube where it cuts through the Carpathian and Balkan mountains, today forming part of the border between Serbia and Romania.
Iron Gates (Algeria)PlaceThe Iron Gates of Algeria, known in French as the Portes de Fer, are a narrow pass through the Biban mountains between Algiers and Constantine.- Iron ploughTermThe iron plough, or iron-tipped plough, is a plough whose cutting edge is made of iron, allowing deeper and more efficient tillage.