Encyclopedia: I
758 entries under I · page 6 of 8: Iron working – Isle of Mull
- Iron workingTermIron working is the craft of smelting and forging iron to make tools and weapons.
- IroncladTermAn ironclad was a steam-powered warship protected by iron or steel armour plates, developed in the mid-nineteenth century.
Iroquoian languagesTermThe Iroquoian languages are a family of Native American languages of eastern North America.
IrpiniaPlaceIrpinia is a mountainous historical region of Campania, southern Italy, largely corresponding to the province of Avellino.
Irrawaddy RiverPlaceThe Irrawaddy, or Ayeyarwady, is the principal river of Myanmar, flowing about 2,170 kilometres from the mountains of the far north to a broad delta on the Andaman Sea.- IrredentismReligion / ideaIrredentism is a political movement seeking to annex territories inhabited by people of the same ethnicity or regarded as historically belonging to a nation.
- Irrigation and water managementHistorical factorIrrigation and water management is a recurring pattern in which states rise and prosper by controlling water through canals, dams and underground channels to support…
IrruaPlaceIrrua is a town in Edo State in southern Nigeria, the headquarters of the Esan Central local government area and the seat of one of the Esan chiefdoms ruled by an Onojie.
IrtyshPlaceThe Irtysh is a river of Central Asia and Siberia, about 4,250 kilometres long, which rises in the Altai Mountains in China, flows through Kazakhstan and joins the Ob…
Iruña-VeleiaPlaceIruña-Veleia is an archaeological site near Vitoria-Gasteiz in Álava, Spain, the remains of the Roman town of Veleia, which grew from a settlement of the Caristii.
Isa Bey MosqueWork / monumentThe Isa Bey Mosque is a mosque in Selçuk, near ancient Ephesus in western Turkey, built in 1374–1375 for the Aydinid ruler Isa Bey by the architect Ali ibn al-Dimishqi.
Isa bin Salman Al KhalifaPersonIsa bin Salman Al Khalifa was ruler of Bahrain from 1961 until his death.
Isa ibn Ali Al KhalifaPersonIsa ibn Ali Al Khalifa was ruler of Bahrain from 1869, when the British installed him after a period of civil war, until 1923.
Isa KhanPersonIsa Khan was the leader of the Baro-Bhuyans, the landholders of eastern Bengal who resisted Mughal conquest after the fall of the Karrani sultanate in 1576.
Isaac II AngelosPersonIsaac II Angelos was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195 and again from 1203 to 1204.
Isaac Komnenos of CyprusPersonIsaac Komnenos was a Byzantine aristocrat and great-nephew of Emperor Manuel I who seized Cyprus in 1184 and ruled it as a self-proclaimed emperor.
Isaac NewtonPersonIsaac Newton was an English mathematician and physicist, one of the central figures of the Scientific Revolution.- Isaac of TheodoroPersonIsaac of Theodoro was prince of the small Orthodox principality of Theodoro, centred on Mangup in the mountains of southern Crimea, in the 1460s and early 1470s.
Isaac the ArmenianPersonIsaac the Armenian was the Byzantine exarch of Ravenna from 625 to 643, governing imperial Italy on behalf of the emperor.
Isabeau of BavariaPersonIsabeau of Bavaria was Queen of France as the wife of Charles VI, whom she married in 1385.
Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of PembrokePersonIsabel de Clare was the daughter and heiress of Richard de Clare, called Strongbow, and Aoife, daughter of King Diarmait Mac Murchada of Leinster.
Isabel PerónPersonIsabel Perón is the third wife of Juan Perón, elected his vice-president in 1973, who succeeded him on his death in July 1974 and became the world's first woman to hold…
Isabel, Princess Imperial of BrazilPersonIsabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, was the daughter and heir of Emperor Pedro II.
Isabella I of CastilePersonIsabella I of Castile was Queen of Castile who, with her husband Ferdinand of Aragon, united the Spanish crowns.
Isabella II of JerusalemPersonIsabella II, also called Yolande of Brienne, was queen of Jerusalem from 1212 to 1228, inheriting the crown as an infant from her mother Maria of Montferrat.
Isabella II of SpainPersonIsabella II of Spain became queen as an infant in 1833, and her succession set off the Carlist Wars.
Isabella JagiellonPersonIsabella Jagiellon was a Polish princess, daughter of Sigismund I the Old, who married John Zápolya, king of Hungary, in 1539.
Isabella of AngoulêmePersonIsabella of Angoulême, heiress of the county of Angoulême, married King John of England in 1200, which provoked the Lusignans and helped bring on the loss of Normandy.
Isabella of HainautPersonIsabella of Hainaut was queen of France as the first wife of Philip II Augustus, whom she married in 1180.
Isabella of VillehardouinPersonIsabella of Villehardouin was Princess of Achaea from 1289 to 1307, heiress of William II of Villehardouin.
IsábenaPlaceThe Isábena is a river of the Pyrenees in the province of Huesca, Aragon, a tributary of the Ésera, which flows into the Cinca.- IsabuPersonIsabu, or Kim Isabu, was a general of Silla in the 6th century.
IsaiahPersonIsaiah was a Hebrew prophet active in Jerusalem in the later 8th century BCE, during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah of Judah.- Isaias AfwerkiPersonIsaias Afwerki is an Eritrean politician who led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in the war of independence against Ethiopia and has been president of Eritrea…
Isaías Medina AngaritaPersonIsaías Medina Angarita was a Venezuelan army officer who served as president from 1941 to 1945.
IsarPlaceThe Isar is a river of Tyrol and Bavaria, nearly 300 km long, rising in the Karwendel range of the Alps and flowing north-east past Munich, Freising and Landshut to…- Isatay TaimanulyPersonIsatay Taimanuly was a Kazakh batyr and elder of the Bukey Horde who led a revolt from 1836 to 1838 against Jangir Khan and the Russian-backed elite.
Isawa CastleWork / monumentIsawa Castle was a fortress built in 802 by Sakanoue no Tamuramaro in the Kitakami basin, in present-day Ōshū, Iwate Prefecture, during the wars against the Emishi.
IschiaPlaceIschia is a volcanic island at the northern entrance to the Bay of Naples, in southern Italy.- IscorInstitutionIscor, the South African Iron and Steel Industrial Corporation, was a state-owned steel company founded in 1928 under J.
Ise BayPlaceIse Bay is an inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the south coast of central Honshu, Japan, bordered by Aichi and Mie prefectures.
Ise Grand ShrineWork / monumentThe Ise Grand Shrine is a complex of Shinto shrines at Ise in Mie Prefecture, Japan, centred on the Inner Shrine of the sun goddess Amaterasu and the Outer Shrine of…
Ise ProvincePlaceIse Province was a province of Japan on the western shore of Ise Bay, now forming most of Mie Prefecture.
Isenheim AltarpieceWork / monumentThe Isenheim Altarpiece is a large folding altarpiece painted by Matthias Grünewald, with carvings by Nikolaus of Haguenau, for the Antonite monastery at Isenheim in…
Isère (river)PlaceThe Isère is a river in south-eastern France, about 286 kilometres long, which rises in the Alps near the Italian border and flows through the Tarentaise valley and…
IserlohnPlaceIserlohn is a town in the Sauerland, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
IsfahanPlaceIsfahan is a city in central Iran with a long history as a political and cultural centre.
Isfendiyar BeyPersonIsfendiyar Bey was a ruler of the Candarid beylik of Kastamonu and Sinop in northern Anatolia, who died in 1440.
Ish-boshethPersonIsh-bosheth was a son of Saul who, according to the Hebrew Bible, became king of Israel after his father's death at Mount Gilboa, ruling the northern tribes from…- Ishak Bey of SaruhanPersonIshak Bey was ruler of the Turkish beylik of Saruhan in western Anatolia, with its capital at Manisa, in the second half of the 14th century.
- Ishaq ibn AliPersonIshaq ibn Ali was the last ruler of the Almoravid dynasty, then still a young man.
- Ishaq ibn IsmailPersonIshaq ibn Ismail was the Arab emir of Tbilisi in the second quarter of the 9th century.
- Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn GhaniyaPersonIshaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ghaniya was emir of Majorca from about 1155 to 1183, the leading ruler of the Banu Ghaniya, a branch of the Almoravid family that kept the…
- Ishaq ibn Muhammad of CarmonaPersonIshaq ibn Muhammad was a ruler of the taifa of Carmona in al-Andalus in the mid-11th century, a member of the Berber Birzalid family who had taken the town after the…
- Ishar-DamuPersonIshar-Damu was the last king of Ebla documented in the archives of its palace, reigning in the twenty-fourth century BCE.
Ishbi-ErraPersonIshbi-Erra was the founder of the First Dynasty of Isin, ruling about 2017–1985 BCE.- Ishhi-AdduPersonIshhi-Addu was king of Qatna in western Syria in the early 18th century BCE, known from the archives of Mari.
Ishida MitsunariPersonIshida Mitsunari was a Japanese warlord and administrator, one of the five commissioners who ran the government of Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Ishikawa PrefecturePlaceIshikawa Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan on the Sea of Japan coast of Honshu, in the Hokuriku region, with its capital at Kanazawa.
IshkhaniWork / monumentIshkhani is a medieval Georgian monastery and cathedral in the historic region of Tao, today the village of İşhan in Artvin Province, north-eastern Turkey.- IshkharaReligion / ideaIshkhara was a goddess of the ancient Near East, worshipped at Ebla in Syria from the third millennium BCE and later in Mesopotamia and among the Hurrians and Hittites.
- Ishme-Dagan IPersonIshme-Dagan I was the elder son of Shamshi-Adad I, the Amorite ruler of the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia, in the 18th century BCE.
- IshpabaraPersonIshpabara was a king of Ellipi in the central Zagros in the late 8th century BCE, son of Dalta.
- IshpakaiPersonIshpakai was the earliest known Scythian king, named in Assyrian texts from the reign of Esarhaddon as ruler of Ishkuza in north-western Iran.
IshpuiniPersonIshpuini was king of Urartu in the late ninth century BCE, the son of Sarduri I.
Ishtar GateWork / monumentThe Ishtar Gate was a monumental gateway to the inner city of Babylon, built under Nebuchadnezzar II and dedicated to the goddess Ishtar.
IshtaranReligion / ideaIshtaran was a Mesopotamian god, the patron of the city of Der on the Elamite border.- IshvarasenaPersonIshvarasena was an Abhira king who founded a kingdom around Nashik in western India in the 3rd century CE, as the Satavahana dynasty weakened.
- Isidore of CharaxPersonIsidore of Charax was a Greek geographer of the late 1st century BCE or early 1st century CE, from Charax Spasinou in Characene.
Isidore of SevillePersonIsidore of Seville was archbishop of Seville from about 600 to 636 and the leading scholar of Visigothic Spain.- Isidoro MidelPersonIsidoro Midel was a Filipino revolutionary leader in Zamboanga during the Philippine Revolution.
- IsinPlaceIsin was an ancient city in southern Mesopotamia.
- Isin dynastyStateThe Isin dynasty was a line of kings who ruled from the city of Isin in southern Mesopotamia after the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur.
- Isingoma Mpuga RukidiPersonIsingoma Mpuga Rukidi is remembered in tradition as the first king of the Babito dynasty of Bunyoro-Kitara.
IsisReligion / ideaIsis was a major goddess of ancient Egypt, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, revered as a protector of kingship, a healer and a model of devoted motherhood.
Iskandar MudaPersonIskandar Muda was sultan of Aceh from 1607 to 1636, the height of its power.- Iskandar ThaniPersonIskandar Thani was sultan of Aceh from 1636 to 1641.
Iskander MirzaPersonIskander Mirza was a Pakistani soldier and civil servant who became Governor-General in 1955 and the first President of Pakistan in 1956.- IskarPlaceThe Iskar is the longest river flowing entirely within Bulgaria, about 370 kilometres long.
Isla MujeresPlaceIsla Mujeres is a small island in the Caribbean Sea off the north-east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, opposite Cancún, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo.- Isla refineryWork / monumentThe Isla refinery is an oil refinery on the Schottegat harbour of Willemstad, Curaçao, opened by Royal Dutch Shell in 1918 to process Venezuelan crude oil.
Al-Islah (Yemen)People / groupAl-Islah, the Yemeni Congregation for Reform, is the main Islamist party of Yemen, founded in 1990 after unification.
İslahiyePlaceİslahiye is a town in Gaziantep province in southern Turkey, in a valley east of the Nur Mountains.- IslamReligion / ideaIslam is a monotheistic religion founded in Arabia in the seventh century CE through the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad, centred on the Quran.
- Islam III GirayPersonIslam III Giray was khan of Crimea from 1644 to 1654.
Islam KarimovPersonIslam Karimov was first secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR from 1989 and declared Uzbekistan's independence on 31 August 1991.
Islam Shah SuriPersonIslam Shah Suri was the second ruler of the Sur Empire in northern India, reigning from 1545 to 1554 after his father Sher Shah Suri.
IslamabadPlaceIslamabad is the capital of Pakistan, a planned city built from the early 1960s at the foot of the Margalla Hills, next to Rawalpindi.- Islamic calendarReligion / ideaThe Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar of twelve months, dating its years from the Hijra of the Prophet Muhammad in 622 CE.
Islamic Courts UnionPeople / groupThe Islamic Courts Union was an alliance of sharia courts in Somalia that took control of Mogadishu in June 2006 after defeating US-backed warlords, bringing a brief…- Islamic Golden AgeReligion / ideaThe Islamic Golden Age refers to a period of flourishing science, philosophy, literature and art in the Islamic world, conventionally associated with the Abbasid…
- Islamic jurisprudenceReligion / ideaIslamic jurisprudence, or fiqh, is the human understanding and elaboration of Islamic law derived from the Quran, the hadith and scholarly reasoning.
Islamic Movement of UzbekistanPeople / groupThe Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan was a militant Islamist group founded in 1998 by Tahir Yuldashev and Juma Namangani with the aim of overthrowing President Islam…
Islamic Revolutionary Guard CorpsInstitutionThe Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is a branch of Iran's armed forces founded in 1979 to protect the Islamic Republic and its revolution.- IslamisationReligion / ideaIslamisation refers to the process by which societies or rulers adopt Islam and Islamic institutions, through conversion, conquest, trade or reform.
- IslamizationReligion / ideaIslamisation, also spelled Islamization, is the process by which societies adopt Islam and Islamic institutions.
IslayPlaceIslay is the southernmost island of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.
Isle (river)PlaceThe Isle is a river of south-western France, about 255 kilometres long, which rises in the Limousin and flows west through the Dordogne department, past Périgueux, to…
Isle of LewisPlaceThe Isle of Lewis is the northern part of Lewis and Harris, the largest island of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland, with Stornoway as its main town.
Isle of MullPlaceThe Isle of Mull is the second-largest island of the Inner Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland in Argyll, separated from the mainland by the Sound of Mull.