Country history · Europe

History of Spain

191 recorded states lay in what is now Spain, from Balearic Islanders (1000 BCE) to the Kingdom of Spain. 16 of them have a full profile, and 14 outside powers ruled here.

ProfileState (capital or seat)39 without a known seat not shownOpen in the atlas →

Profiles

Empires that ruled here

Timeline

11th century BCE

  1. Balearic Islanders1000 BCE – 123 BCE · chiefdom

10th century BCE

  1. Tartessos900 BCE – 500 BCE · kingdom

9th century BCE

  1. Abdera800 BCE – 206 BCE · city state
  2. Gadir800 BCE – 206 BCE · city state
  3. Sexi800 BCE – 206 BCE · city state

8th century BCE

  1. Malaka770 BCE – 206 BCE · city state

7th century BCE

  1. Ebusus654 BCE – 123 BCE · city state
  2. Celtiberians600 BCE – 72 BCE · profile
  3. Mastieni600 BCE – 230 BCE · tribal confederation

6th century BCE

  1. Emporion575 BCE – 195 BCE · city state
  2. Roman Republic509 BCE – 27 BCE · profile
  3. Ausetani500 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  4. Bastetani500 BCE – 197 BCE · tribal confederation
  5. Bastuli500 BCE – 197 BCE · tribal confederation
  6. Bergistani500 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  7. Callaeci500 BCE – 19 BCE · tribal confederation
  8. Carpetani500 BCE – 179 BCE · tribal confederation
  9. Celtici500 BCE – 138 BCE · tribal confederation
  10. Cerretani500 BCE – 150 BCE · tribal confederation
  11. Cessetani500 BCE – 218 BCE · tribal confederation
  12. Contestani500 BCE – 197 BCE · tribal confederation
  13. Edetani500 BCE – 197 BCE · tribal confederation
  14. Iacetani500 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  15. Ilercavones500 BCE – 197 BCE · tribal confederation
  16. Ilergetes500 BCE – 205 BCE · tribal confederation
  17. Indigetes500 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  18. Lacetani500 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  19. Laietani500 BCE – 197 BCE · tribal confederation
  20. Lusitanians500 BCE – 138 BCE · tribal confederation
  21. Oretani500 BCE – 197 BCE · tribal confederation
  22. Saguntum500 BCE – 219 BCE · city state
  23. Sedetani500 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  24. Suessetani500 BCE – 184 BCE · tribal confederation
  25. Turdetani500 BCE – 206 BCE · tribal confederation
  26. Turduli500 BCE – 150 BCE · tribal confederation
  27. Vettones500 BCE – 61 BCE · tribal confederation

5th century BCE

  1. Arevaci400 BCE – 133 BCE · tribal confederation
  2. Astures400 BCE – 19 BCE · tribal confederation
  3. Belli400 BCE – 133 BCE · tribal confederation
  4. Berones400 BCE – 133 BCE · tribal confederation
  5. Cantabri400 BCE – 19 BCE · tribal confederation
  6. Lobetani400 BCE – 133 BCE · tribal confederation
  7. Lusones400 BCE – 133 BCE · tribal confederation
  8. Olcades400 BCE – 221 BCE · tribal confederation
  9. Pellendones400 BCE – 133 BCE · tribal confederation
  10. Rhode400 BCE – 195 BCE · city state
  11. Titti400 BCE – 133 BCE · tribal confederation
  12. Vaccaei400 BCE – 56 BCE · tribal confederation

4th century BCE

  1. Airenosi300 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  2. Andosini300 BCE – 195 BCE · tribal confederation
  3. Autrigones300 BCE – 29 BCE · tribal confederation
  4. Caristii300 BCE – 19 BCE · tribal confederation
  5. Turmodigi300 BCE – 29 BCE · tribal confederation
  6. Varduli300 BCE – 19 BCE · tribal confederation
  7. Vascones300 BCE – 75 BCE · tribal confederation

3rd century BCE

  1. Barcid Iberia237 BCE – 206 BCE · other

2nd century BCE

  1. Hispania Citerior197 BCE – 27 BCE · other
  2. Hispania Ulterior197 BCE – 27 BCE · other

1st century BCE

  1. Sertorian State80 BCE – 72 BCE · other
  2. Hispania Baetica27 BCE – 411 CE · other
  3. Hispania Tarraconensis27 BCE – 472 CE · profile
  4. Lusitania27 BCE – 439 CE · profile

1st century

  1. Mauretania Tingitana42 CE – 429 CE · other

3rd century

  1. Gallic Empire260 CE – 274 CE · other
  2. Carthaginiensis293 CE – 460 CE · other
  3. Gallaecia293 CE – 409 CE · other

4th century

  1. Diocese of Hispania314 CE – 409 CE · other
  2. Balearica369 CE – 455 CE · other

5th century

  1. Alan Kingdom in Hispania409 CE – 418 CE · kingdom
  2. Kingdom of the Suebi409 CE – 585 CE · kingdom
  3. Visigothic Kingdom418 CE – 721 CE · kingdom

6th century

  1. Septem534 CE – 711 CE · other
  2. Byzantine Spania552 CE – 624 CE · other
  3. Duchy of Cantabria574 CE – 739 CE · duchy

7th century

  1. Duchy of Gascony602 CE – 1053 CE · duchy

8th century

  1. Al-Andalus (Umayyad province)711 CE – 756 CE · other
  2. Tudmir713 CE – 779 CE · principality
  3. Banu Qasi714 CE – 929 CE · other
  4. Kingdom of Asturias718 CE – 924 CE · profile
  5. Emirate of Córdoba756 CE – 929 CE · profile
  6. County of Girona785 CE – 897 CE · county
  7. Marca Hispanica795 CE – 987 CE · other
  8. County of Cerdanya798 CE – 1117 CE · county
  9. County of Osona798 CE – 1111 CE · county
  10. County of Urgell798 CE – 1413 CE · county

9th century

  1. County of Sobrarbe800 CE – 1035 CE · county
  2. County of Barcelona801 CE – 1162 CE · county
  3. County of Aragon802 CE – 1035 CE · county
  4. County of Empúries812 CE – 1402 CE · county
  5. Kingdom of Navarre824 CE – 1841 CE · profile
  6. County of Castile850 CE – 1065 CE · county
  7. County of Álava865 CE – 1029 CE · county
  8. County of Pallars872 CE – 1011 CE · county
  9. County of Ribagorza872 CE – 1044 CE · county
  10. Marwanid Badajoz875 CE – 930 CE · other
  11. County of Besalú878 CE – 1111 CE · county
  12. Hafsunid Bobastro880 CE – 928 CE · other
  13. Republic of Pechina884 CE – 922 CE · city state
  14. County of Lantarón897 CE – 950 CE · county
  15. Hajjajid Seville899 CE – 913 CE · other

10th century

  1. County of Saldaña900 CE – 1030 CE · county
  2. Kingdom of Galicia910 CE – 1833 CE · kingdom
  3. Kingdom of León910 CE – 1230 CE · profile
  4. Caliphate of Córdoba929 CE – 1031 CE · profile
  5. County of Monzón943 CE – 1028 CE · county
  6. Kingdom of Viguera970 CE – 1005 CE · kingdom

11th century

  1. Taifa of Alpuente1009 CE – 1106 CE · emirate
  2. Taifa of Badajoz1009 CE – 1094 CE · emirate
  3. Taifa of Tortosa1009 CE – 1060 CE · emirate
  4. Taifa of Dénia1010 CE – 1076 CE · emirate
  5. Taifa of Toledo1010 CE – 1085 CE · emirate
  6. Taifa of Valencia1010 CE – 1094 CE · emirate
  7. County of Pallars Jussà1011 CE – 1192 CE · county
  8. County of Pallars Sobirà1011 CE – 1491 CE · county
  9. Taifa of Arcos1011 CE – 1068 CE · emirate
  10. Taifa of Murcia1011 CE – 1091 CE · emirate
  11. Taifa of Albarracín1012 CE – 1104 CE · emirate
  12. Taifa of Huelva1012 CE – 1051 CE · emirate
  13. Taifa of Molina1012 CE – 1100 CE · emirate
  14. Taifa of Almería1013 CE – 1091 CE · emirate
  15. Taifa of Carmona1013 CE – 1067 CE · emirate
  16. Taifa of Granada1013 CE – 1090 CE · emirate
  17. Taifa of Morón1013 CE – 1066 CE · emirate
  18. Taifa of Ronda1015 CE – 1065 CE · emirate
  19. Taifa of Zaragoza1018 CE – 1110 CE · emirate
  20. Taifa of Niebla1023 CE – 1053 CE · emirate
  21. Taifa of Seville1023 CE – 1091 CE · emirate
  22. Taifa of Málaga1026 CE – 1057 CE · emirate
  23. Taifa of Córdoba1031 CE – 1070 CE · republic
  24. Kingdom of Aragon1035 CE – 1707 CE · profile
  25. Taifa of Algeciras1035 CE – 1058 CE · emirate
  26. Taifa of Lérida1039 CE – 1110 CE · emirate
  27. Lordship of Biscay1040 CE – 1379 CE · other
  28. Taifa of Calatayud1046 CE – 1055 CE · emirate
  29. Taifa of Lorca1051 CE – 1091 CE · emirate
  30. Taifa of Ceuta1061 CE – 1084 CE · emirate
  31. Kingdom of Castile1065 CE – 1230 CE · profile
  32. Second Taifa of Málaga1073 CE – 1090 CE · emirate
  33. Taifa of Majorca1076 CE – 1115 CE · emirate
  34. Taifa of Murviedro1086 CE – 1092 CE · emirate
  35. Lordship of Valencia1094 CE – 1102 CE · principality

12th century

  1. Rueda de Jalón (Hudid)1110 CE – 1131 CE · emirate
  2. Lordship of Molina1129 CE – 1293 CE · other
  3. Second Taifa of Córdoba1144 CE – 1148 CE · emirate
  4. Second Taifa of Almería1145 CE – 1147 CE · emirate
  5. Second Taifa of Badajoz1145 CE – 1150 CE · emirate
  6. Second Taifa of Niebla1145 CE – 1150 CE · emirate
  7. Second Taifa of Valencia1145 CE – 1147 CE · emirate
  8. Taifa of Guadix1145 CE – 1151 CE · emirate
  9. Taifa of Jaén1145 CE – 1159 CE · emirate
  10. Third Taifa of Málaga1145 CE – 1153 CE · emirate
  11. Banu Ghaniya Majorca1146 CE – 1203 CE · emirate
  12. Castilian Almería1147 CE – 1157 CE · other
  13. Second Taifa of Murcia1147 CE – 1172 CE · emirate
  14. Crown of Aragon1162 CE – 1716 CE · profile
  15. Principality of Catalonia1162 CE – 1716 CE · profile
  16. Lordship of Albarracín1170 CE – 1284 CE · other

13th century

  1. Taifa of Baeza1224 CE – 1226 CE · emirate
  2. Taifa of Menorca1228 CE – 1287 CE · emirate
  3. Third Taifa of Murcia1228 CE – 1266 CE · emirate
  4. Third Taifa of Valencia1229 CE – 1238 CE · emirate
  5. Crown of Castile1230 CE – 1715 CE · profile
  6. Kingdom of Majorca1231 CE – 1715 CE · kingdom
  7. Emirate of Granada1232 CE – 1492 CE · profile
  8. Third Taifa of Niebla1234 CE – 1262 CE · emirate
  9. Kingdom of Valencia1238 CE – 1707 CE · kingdom
  10. Taifa of Crevillent1243 CE – 1318 CE · emirate
  11. Kingdom of Murcia1266 CE – 1833 CE · kingdom

15th century

  1. Portuguese Morocco1415 CE – 1769 CE · colony

16th century

  1. Habsburg Spain1516 CE – 1700 CE · profile
  2. Iberian Union1580 CE – 1640 CE · other

17th century

  1. Catalan Republic (1641)1641 CE – 1641 CE · republic

18th century

  1. Bourbon Spain1700 CE – 1868 CE · kingdom

19th century

  1. Bonapartist Spain1808 CE – 1813 CE · kingdom
  2. Sexenio Democrático1868 CE – 1874 CE · kingdom
  3. Carlist State1872 CE – 1876 CE · other
  4. Canton of Cádiz1873 CE – 1873 CE · city state
  5. Canton of Cartagena1873 CE – 1874 CE · city state
  6. Canton of Granada1873 CE – 1873 CE · city state
  7. Canton of Málaga1873 CE – 1873 CE · city state
  8. Canton of Seville1873 CE – 1873 CE · city state
  9. Canton of Valencia1873 CE – 1873 CE · city state
  10. Spanish First Republic1873 CE – 1874 CE · republic
  11. Restoration Spain1874 CE – 1931 CE · kingdom

20th century

  1. Generalitat of Catalonia (1931-1939)1931 CE – 1939 CE · other
  2. Second Spanish Republic1931 CE – 1939 CE · republic
  3. Euzkadi (1936-1937)1936 CE – 1937 CE · other
  4. Francoist Spain1936 CE – 1975 CE · other
  5. Regional Defence Council of Aragon1936 CE – 1937 CE · other
  6. Sovereign Council of Asturias and León1937 CE – 1937 CE · other
  7. Kingdom of Spain1975 CE – present · kingdom

In the encyclopedia

Shared histories

States that also lay in other present-day countries:

States of Iberia → States of Egypt, North Africa and Sudan → All country histories →

Cite this page
APA
The Epoch Institute. (2026). History of Spain. In The Epoch Institute States Register. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/spain
MLA
“History of Spain.” The Epoch Institute States Register, The Epoch Institute, 2026, https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/spain. Accessed .
Chicago
The Epoch Institute. “History of Spain.” The Epoch Institute States Register. 2026. https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/spain.
Harvard
The Epoch Institute (2026) ‘History of Spain’, The Epoch Institute States Register. Available at: https://the-epoch-institute.org/countries/spain (Accessed: ).